Which Side Of The Human Body Is The Liver On – Anatomists and medical professionals use terminology that can be confusing to the uninitiated. However, the purpose of this language is not to confuse, but rather to increase accuracy and reduce medical errors. For example, is the scar “above the wrist” located on the forearm two to three inches from the hand? Or is it at the base of the arm? Is it on the palm or on the back? By using precise anatomical terminology, we eliminate ambiguity. Anatomical terms come from ancient Greek and Latin words. Because these languages ​​are no longer used in everyday conversation, the meaning of their words does not change.

Anatomical terms consist of roots, prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition, while a prefix or suffix often describes the root. For example, in the disease hypertension, the prefix “hyper-” means “high” or “excessive,” and the root word “tension” refers to pressure, so the word “hypertension” refers to abnormally high blood pressure.

Which Side Of The Human Body Is The Liver On

To further improve accuracy, anatomists standardize their view of the body. Just as maps are usually oriented with north at the top, the standard “map” body or

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, this is a vertical body position, feet shoulder-width apart and parallel, toes forward. The upper limbs are extended to the sides and the palms of the hands are facing forward, as shown in Figure 1. Using this standard position reduces confusion. It does not matter how oriented the body being described is, the terms are used as if it were in an anatomical position. For example, a scar in the “anterior (anterior) carpal region (wrist)” would be present on the palmar side of the wrist. The term “front” will be used even if the hand is resting palm down on the table.

Figure 1. Areas of the human body. The human body is shown in anatomical position in (a) anterior and (b) posterior views. Body areas are highlighted in bold.

Describes a face-up orientation. These terms are sometimes used to describe body positioning during specific medical examinations or surgical procedures.

Numerous areas of the human body have specific terms that help improve accuracy (see Figure 2). Note that the term “upper arm” or “arm” is reserved for “upper arm” and “forearm” or “forearm”, not “forearm”. Likewise, “femur” or “thigh” is correct, while “leg” or “tibia” is reserved for the part of the lower limb between the knee and ankle. You will be able to describe parts of the body using the terms from the picture.

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Figure 2. Directional terms applicable to the human body. Paired directional terms are shown in relation to the human body.

In this and any other anatomy textbook, certain anatomical terms are found (Fig. 2). These terms are necessary to describe the relative locations of various body structures. For example, an anatomist may describe one band of tissue as “giving way” to another, and a physician may describe a tumor as “superficial” to a deeper structure of the body. Remember these terms to avoid confusion when learning or describing the location of certain body parts.

Figure 3. Body planes. The three planes most commonly used in anatomical and medical imaging are the sagittal, coronal (or coronal), and transverse planes.

A section is a cut two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional structure. Modern medical imaging devices allow doctors to obtain “virtual slices” of living bodies. We call this scanning. However, sections and body scans can only be interpreted correctly if the viewer understands the plane along which the section was made. A plane is an imaginary two-dimensional surface passing through a body. In anatomy and medicine, three planes are commonly referred to as shown in Figure 3.

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The body maintains its internal organization through membranes, membranes, and other structures that separate the compartments.

Are the largest compartments of the body (Fig. 4). These cavities contain and protect delicate internal organs, and the abdominal cavity allows for significant changes in the size and shape of organs as they perform their functions. For example, the lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines can expand and contract without distorting other tissues or disrupting nearby organs.

Figure 4. Dorsal and ventral body cavities. The abdominal cavity includes the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities and their divisions. The dorsal cavity includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

The posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) cavities are divided into smaller cavities. The posterior (dorsal) cavity in the cranial cavity contains the brain, and the spinal cavity (or spinal cavity) contains the spinal cord. Just as the brain and spinal cord form a continuous, continuous structure, the cavities of the skull and spine in which they are located are also continuous. The brain and spinal cord are protected by the bones of the skull and spinal column, as well as cerebrospinal fluid, a colorless fluid produced by the brain that holds the brain and spinal cord in the posterior (dorsal) cavity.

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The anterior (ventral) cavity consists of two main divisions: the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity (see Figure 4). The thoracic cavity is the higher division of the anterior cavity and is surrounded by the rib cage. The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the heart, located in the mediastinum. The diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the lower abdominopelvic cavity. The abdominopelvic cavity is the largest cavity in the body. Although no membrane physically separates the abdominopelvic cavity, it can be helpful to distinguish between the abdominal cavity, the section that contains the digestive organs, and the pelvic cavity, the section that contains the reproductive organs.

To provide clear information about, for example, the location of a patient’s abdominal pain or suspicious mass, health care providers typically divide the cavity into nine regions, or four quadrants (Figure 5).

In a more detailed regional approach, the cavity is divided by one horizontal line just below the ribs and one just above the pelvis, as well as two vertical lines drawn as if descending from the midpoint of each collarbone (collarbone). The result was nine regions. The simpler quadrant approach, which is more commonly used in medicine, subdivides the cavity with one horizontal and one vertical line that intersect at the patient’s navel (belly button).

The serosa (also called the serosa) is one of the thin membranes that lines the walls and organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. The parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity (pariet is the wall of the cavity). The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs (viscera). Between the parietal and visceral layers there is a very thin, fluid-filled serous space, or cavity (Fig. 6).

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Figure 6. Serous membrane. The serosa lines the pericardial cavity and is reflected back to cover the heart, much in the same way that an underinflated balloon forms two layers surrounding a fist.

There are three serous cavities and associated membranes. Pleura is the serous membrane surrounding the lungs in the pleural cavity; the pericardium is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart in the pericardial cavity; and the peritoneum is the serous membrane surrounding several organs of the abdominopelvic cavity. The serous fluid produced by the serous membranes reduces friction between the walls of the cavities and the internal organs when they move, for example when the lungs inflate or the heart beats. Both the parietal and visceral serosa secrete a thin, slippery serous fluid that prevents friction as the organ slides past the walls of the cavity. In pleural cavities, pleural fluid prevents friction between the lungs and the walls of the cavity. In the pericardial sac, pericardial fluid prevents friction between the heart and the walls of the pericardial sac. And in the peritoneal cavity, peritoneal fluid prevents friction between the abdominal and pelvic organs and the wall of the cavity. In this way, serous membranes provide additional protection to the internal organs they surround, reducing friction that can lead to inflammation of the organs. In a multicellular organism, an organ is a collection of tissues combined into a structural unit to perform a common function.

In the hierarchy of life, an organ is located between a tissue and an organ system. Tissues are formed from cells of the same type and perform specific functions together. Different types of tissue come together to form an organ that performs a specific function. The intestinal wall, for example, is composed of epithelial tissue and smooth muscle tissue.

Two or more organs that work together to perform a specific bodily function form an organ system, also called a biological system or body system.

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Organ tissues can be broadly divided into parchyma (functional tissue) and stroma (structural tissue with supportive, connective, or accessory functions). For example, the tissue of the gland that produces hormones is the parchyma, while the stroma includes the nerves that innervate the parchyma, the blood vessels that oxygenate it, feed it, and carry away metabolic waste, as well as connective tissues that provide a suitable location for it to be placed and secure. The main tissues that make up the organ have a common embryological origin, for example, arising from the same organ.

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