What Is The Role Of Sweat Glands – Small tubular structures in the skin that produce sweat. Sweat glands are a type of exocrine glands, which are glands that produce and secrete substances on the epithelial surface through the duct. There are two types of sweat glands that differ in structure, function, secretory product, mechanism of excretion, anatomical distribution and distribution by species;

The ceruminous glands (which produce ear wax), the mammary glands (which produce milk), and the ciliary glands in the eyelids are modified by apocrine sweat glands.

What Is The Role Of Sweat Glands

A sweat gland generally consists of a secretory unit that produces sweat, and a duct that removes sweat. The secretory coil, or base, is buried deep in the dermis and hypodermis, and is surrounded by a glandular band of adipose tissue.

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In both sweat gland types, the orbicular secretory cells are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells, which facilitate the excretion of the secretory product.

The secretory activities of glandular cells and the contractions of myoepithelial cells are controlled by both the autonomic nervous system and circulating hormones. The distal or apical part of the ops duct to the surface of the skin is known as the acrosyringium.

Each sweat gland receives a number of nerve fibers, which in the connections of one or more exiting axons and in a circle individual secretory tubules coil. Capillaries are also interwoven between the sweat tubules.

The number of active sweat glands varies greatly between people, although comparisons between areas (eg armpits vs. groin) show the same directional changes (some areas always have more active sweat glands, others always have fewer).

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In the pads of the fingers, sweat gland pores are somewhat irregularly spaced in the epidermal ridges. There are no veins between the ridges, although sweat pours tds into them.

Primate mammals do not have sweat glands only in the palms and soles. Apocrine glands cover the rest of the body, although they are not as effective as humans in temperature regulation (except horses).

They have eccrine glands between the hairs on most parts of the body (while humans have them between the hairs on the hair).

The overall distribution of sweat glands varies among primates: rhesus and baboons have them on the chest; The monkey has only squirrels on palms and plants; and the trunk of macaques, Japanese monkeys, and chimpanzees have them on the body.

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They have apocrine glands at the base of each hair follicle, but eccrine glands only in the pads and beak. Their apocrine glands, like those in humans, produce an odorless oily milky secretion that does not evaporate and cool, but coats and adheres to the hair so that odorous bacteria can grow in it.

The eccrine glands in the foot pads, as in the palms and soles of humans, did not evolve to cool, but rather to increase friction and grip.

Dogs and cats have apocrine glands specialized in both structure and function in the eyelids (soft glands), ears (ceremonial glands), anal sac, clitoral hood, and surrounding area.

Eccrine sweat glands are everywhere except for the lips, ear canals, ears, glans, labia minora, and clitoris. The apocrine sweat glands are sometimes smaller, not deep in the dermis, and secreted directly into the skin.

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The clear secretion produced by the eccrine sweat glands is called perspiration or permeable sweat. Sweat is mostly water, but contains some electrolytes as it is derived from blood plasma. The presence of sodium chloride gives the sweat a salty taste.

The total volume of sweat comes from the number of functioning glands and the size of the surface workers. The level of secretory activity is regulated by neural and hormonal mechanisms (m sweat more than a woman). Wh all the eccrine sweat glands are working to their maximum capacity, the sweat rate of a person can exceed three liters per hour;

Apocrine sweat glands are found in the armpit, areola (around the nipples), perineum (between the anus and the armpits), in the ear, and on the eyelids. The secretory part is larger than the eccrine glands (making them larger overall). Rather than directly onto the surface of the skin, apocrine glands secrete sweat into the pilar canal of the hair follicle.

The secreted substance is thicker than eccrine sweat and provides nutrients to the bacteria in the skin: it is the bacteria that break down the sweat that creates the pungent odor.

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In mammals (including humans), apocrine sweat contains pheromone-like compounds to attract other organisms within their species. A study of human sweat revealed differences between males and females in apocrine secretions and bacteria.

Some human sweat glands cannot be distinguished as either apocrine or eccrine, having characteristics of both; such glands are called apoecrine.

Their secretory portion has a narrow section similar to the secretory circles in eccrine glands and a wide section reminiscent of apocrine glands.

And may comprise up to 50% of all axillary glands. Apocrine glands secrete more sweat than both eccrine and apocrine glands, thus playing an important role in underarm sweat.

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The sweat glands in particular, including the ceruminous glands, the mammary glands, the ciliary glands of the eyelids, and the sweat glands of the vestibule of the nose, are modified apocrine glands.

The ceruminous glands are around the ear canals and make wax with the oil secreted by the sebaceous glands.

Sweat glands are used to regulate temperature and remove waste through water, sodium salt, and nitrogenous waste (such as urea) on the surface of the skin.

Eccrine sweat is clear, odorless, and is composed of 98-99% water; it also contains sodium, fatty acids, lactic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, urea and uric acid. Its pH ranges from 4 to 6.8.

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On the other hand, apocrine sweat has a pH of 6 to 7.5; it contains water, proteins, carbohydrate waste material, lipids, steroids. The sweat is oily, cloudy, viscous, originally odorless;

It acquires a smell through decaying bacteria. Because there are both apocrine glands and glands in the hair follicle, the apocrine sweat is mixed with its own.

Both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands use merocrine secretion, where vesicles are released from the sweat gland by exocytosis, leaving the tire cell intact.

It was initially thought that apocrine sweat glands used apocrine secretion due to histological artifacts, which are “blebs” on the cell surface, however, direct micrographs indicate that the cells use merocrine secretion.

Anatomy, Skin Sweat Glands

Sweat in both apocrine and eccrine glands, sweat originates originally in the coil of the gland, where it is isotonic with the blood plasma there.

If the sweat rate is low, salt is conserved and replenished by the duct of the glands; against large sweat they lead to less salty reabsorption and allow more water to evaporate into the skin (through osmosis) to increase cooling.

Eccrine sweat increases bacterial growth and volatilizes the odor of mixed apocrine sweat, combating that pungent odor.

Normally only a certain number of sweat glands produce active sweat. The more stimuli that call for sweat, the more sweat glands are stimulated, since they produce more sweat than others.

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Which is controlled directly by the hypothalamus. Thermal sweat is stimulated by a combination of the body’s internal body temperature and the average skin temperature.

Sweating is triggered by stress, anxiety, fear, pain; it is independent of the ambient temperature. Acts of acetylcholine around the eccrine glands and adrenaline in both eccrine and apocrine glands to produce sweat.

The sweat movement can be anywhere, although it is most evident on the palms, soles, and axillary areas.

Sweat in the palms and soles is thought to have evolved as an escape reaction in mammals: it increases friction and prevents slipping by running or climbing in stressful situations.

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Gustatory sweating refers to the theological sweat induced by the ingestion of food. The increase in metabolism caused by ingestion raises body temperature, leading to thermal sweat. Hot and spicy foods also lead to mild sweating on the face, scalp and neck: capsaicin (the compound that makes food taste “hot” binds to receptors in the mouth that detect heat. Increased stimulation of such receptors induces a thermoregulatory response.

Unlike deodorant, which simply reduces underarm odor without affecting bodily functions, antiperspirants reduce both eccrine and apocrine sweat.

Antiperspirants, which are formulated as medications, cause proteins to precipitate and mechanically block the sweat (and sometimes apocrine) sweat ducts.

The metal salts found in antiperspirants change the keratin fibers in the ducts; the duct th close and form a “corneal plug”. The main active ingredients in modern antiperspirants are aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate, and buffered aluminum sulfate.

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The salts are dissolved in ethanol and mixed with essential oils high in eugol and thymol (such as thyme and clove oils). Antiperspirants may also contain levomethamphetamine.

The apocrine sweat glands are inflamed, causing persistent, itchy, rash, usually in the armpits and pubic areas.

If the auriculotemporal nerve is damaged (usually due to parotidectomy), excessive sweating in the maxillary area (below the ear) can be produced by prolonged stimuli causing salivation.

Wh exhausted eccrine glands are unable to secrete sweat. Heatstroke can lead to fatal hyperpyrexia (extreme body temperature rise).

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It occurs when the skin and sweat glands are inflamed into masses.

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