What Causes High Calcium In The Body – Avi Varma, MD, MPH, AAHIVS, FAAFP, Medically Reviewed — Lana Burgess — Updated October 11, 2023

Hypercalcemia, or high calcium levels, may not cause any symptoms. However, severe hypercalcemia can cause excessive thirst, abdominal pain, and confusion, among other symptoms.

What Causes High Calcium In The Body

High blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can result from an overactive parathyroid gland, too much vitamin D, certain medications, and a variety of underlying conditions, including cancer.

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Calcium plays an important role in the body. It supports the muscles, nerves and heart as well as helps build strong bones and teeth. However, too much calcium can cause problems.

In this article, we explore the symptoms, causes, and complications of hypercalcemia. We also describe how doctors diagnose and treat hypercalcemia.

If calcium levels are too high, a person may receive a diagnosis of hypercalcemia. This condition can also interfere with physical activity

Calcium in the diet, the rest is excreted in the feces. However, too much vitamin D causes the body to absorb more and more calcium, leading to hypercalcemia.

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Therapeutic, high-dose vitamin D supplementation has been shown to cause hypercalcemia. Doctors may recommend these supplements to help treat multiple sclerosis and other conditions.

There is also an increased risk of hypercalcemia. When bones are underworked, they weaken and release more calcium into the bloodstream.

People with severe dehydration have less water in their blood, which can increase calcium concentrations. However, this imbalance can usually be treated once a person is adequately rehydrated.

, high levels of calcium can cause severe dehydration. It is important for doctors to determine which came first: high calcium levels or dehydration.

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Certain medications can overstimulate the parathyroid gland, which can lead to hypercalcemia. An example is lithium, which people sometimes use to treat bipolar disorder.

Over time, bones release excessive amounts of calcium into the bloodstream, making them thinner or less brittle. Continuous release of calcium can cause osteoporosis.

People with hypercalcemia are more likely to develop calcium crystals in the kidneys. These crystals can become kidney stones, which are often painful. They can also cause kidney damage.

A person’s kidneys are not working properly. Kidneys are not working efficiently in purifying the blood, producing urine and efficiently removing fluid from the body. This is called kidney failure.

Signs & Symptoms Of Calcium Deficiency (hypocalcemia)

The heart beats when electrical impulses travel through it and it contracts. Calcium plays a role in regulating this process, and too much calcium

Anyone experiencing symptoms of hypercalcemia should talk to a doctor, who will order blood tests and make a diagnosis based on the results.

A person with mild hypercalcemia may have no symptoms, and doctors can diagnose it only after performing a routine blood test.

Blood calcium and parathyroid hormone levels will be checked. The results can show how well certain body systems are working, such as those involving the blood and kidneys.

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Treatment is necessary, and calcium levels may return to normal over time. Your doctor will monitor these levels and your kidney health.

If calcium levels continue to rise or do not improve on their own, doctors may recommend further testing.

For people with more severe hypercalcemia, it’s important to find the cause. Your doctor may also offer treatments to help lower calcium levels and prevent complications. Possible treatments include intravenous fluids and medications such as calcitonin or bisphosphonates.

If hypercalcemia is caused by overactive parathyroid glands, excess vitamin D, or other health problems, the doctor will also treat the responsible condition.

Calcium Deficiency Symptoms: Common Signs And Symptoms Of Calcium Deficiency

Mild hypercalcemia does not require treatment. However, if the condition is more severe, a doctor may prescribe medications that lower calcium levels and treat the underlying cause.

Hypercalcemia refers to high levels of calcium in the blood. Doctors may find these increased levels when testing for other conditions.

Possible causes of hypercalcemia include an overactive parathyroid gland, certain medications, excess vitamin D, and medical conditions such as cancer.

Medical News Today follows strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, medical journals and associations. We avoid using third-party references. We link to primary sources, including studies, scientific references, and statistics, in each article and list them in the sources section below our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and up-to-date by reading our editorial policy. Background: Hypercalcemia is a common paraneoplastic syndrome, occurring in up to 10% of patients with advanced neoplasm. Paraneoplastic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) represents the most common cause of this syndrome. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is rare in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).

Causes Of Hypercalcemia (high Blood Calcium)

Case series: The present series includes all patients with NENs and paraneoplastic hypercalcemia from four Italian centers: (I) A 40-year-old man was hospitalized because of recurrent episodes of falls, hyposthenia, and somnolence. Severe hypercalcemia was diagnosed. Metastatic pancreatic G2 NEN and PTHrP-related hypercalcemia were diagnosed. The patient started therapy with somatostatin analogs (SSA) and denosumab. After disease progression, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) was initiated with an objective response associated with PTHrP reduction and normocalcemia. (Ii) A 45-year-old man was referred with pancreatic G2. SSA followed by everolimus was given for metastases. Hypercalcemia developed and PRRT and Denosumab were initiated for disease progression with the onset of bone metastases. Despite disease stability after four cycles of PRRT, the patient’s performance status deteriorated until death. (III) A 49-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of mental retardation, confusion, and sensory loss. Severe hypercalcemia associated with pancreatic G1 NEN was diagnosed and treated with hemodialysis, bisphosphonate injections, and continuous infusion of calcitonin. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D was elevated and PTHrP was undetectable. Postoperative serum calcium levels and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal. (IV) A 69-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after presenting with shortness of breath, dyspnea, asthenia, and weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) and

Ga DOTATOC Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT revealed a left pulmonary nodule. Hypercalcemia and elevated PTHrP levels were found. Histologic examination revealed an apical carcinoid. After surgery, calcium levels were normalized and PTHrP decreased significantly with improvement in general conditions.

Conclusion: In our series, hypercalcemia associated with paraneoplastic PTHrP occurred in a pancreatic NEN and a bronchial carcinoid representing the third case in the literature. Our case with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D secretion represents the fourth case in the literature. Pthrp secretion should be considered in Nance patients with hypercalcemia. Acute treatment should focus on lowering calcium levels, and long-term control can be achieved by tumor cytoreduction, which inhibits PTHrP release.

Cardiovascular hypercalcemia is a severe clinical condition that occurs in 20-30% of patients with advanced neoplasms. The prognosis of these patients is poor; 50% of patients die within 1 month and 75% within 3 months (3). It is caused by metastases (20% of cases), paraneoplastic secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) (80%), humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), and rarely ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH). ) (<1%) or 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D secretion (<1%) (1). In the presence of hypercalcemia without bone metastases, an endocrine cause should be suspected (4). Overall, endocrine paraneoplastic hypercalcemia may occur in up to 10% of neoplastic patients.

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Pathogenic mechanisms of endocrine paraneoplastic hypercalcemia are related to bone remodeling and renal and intestinal calcium reabsorption. Both PTHrP and PTH stimulate bone resorption through receptor activator of nuclear factor-B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL) system activation ( 4 ). In addition to bone resorption, PTH and PTHrP also stimulate renal reabsorption of calcium (6). Moreover, PTH, but not PTHrP, increases intestinal reabsorption of calcium through induction of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis ( 6 ). Calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia increases intestinal reabsorption of calcium and increases bone resorption (7).

HHM is diagnosed in the presence of elevated PTHrP, suppressed PTH, low phosphorus, and low-normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (7). Ectopic PTH production is characterized by high PTH levels, low phosphorus, and high 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (7). Hypercalcemia due to calcitriol secretion is diagnosed in the presence of high levels of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, low PTH levels, and high phosphorus levels (7).

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a relatively rare group of malignancies arising from the neuroendocrine system (8). are able to nance peptide hormones and amines that can provoke specific clinical syndromes (8). In addition to bone metastases, primary hyperparathyroidism, part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and type 2 (MEN2) syndromes, can cause hypercalcemia in patients with NEN, particularly pancreatic, duodenal, gastric, pulmonary, and thymic. NENs (9) or medullary thyroid carcinoma (10). Therefore, primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Indeed, paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is rare in NENs (11), and is mostly associated with gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) NENs, particularly pancreatic NENs (pNEN) (12), mainly associated with PTHrp secretion (11). കഴിഞ്ഞ 15 വർഷത്തിനിടയിൽ നാല് വ്യത്യസ്ത NEN ഇറ്റാലിയൻ കേന്ദ്രങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള NEN-കളും പാരാനിയോപ്ലാസ്റ്റിക് ഹൈപ്പർകാൽസെമിയയും ഉള്ള എല്ലാ രോഗികളും ഉൾപ്പെടുന്ന ഒരു പരമ്പര ഞങ്ങൾ അവതരിപ്പിക്കുന്നു. നാല് കേസുകളുടെ ക്ലിനിക്കൽ സവിശേഷതകൾ ചിത്രം 1 ൽ സംഗ്രഹിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു, ലബോറട്ടറി ഡാറ്റയും ലക്ഷണങ്ങളും പട്ടിക 1 ൽ റിപ്പോർട്ട് ചെയ്തിട്ടുണ്ട്.

2019 ജൂലൈയിൽ  മസ്തിഷ്ക ധമനികളുടെ വൈകല്യങ്ങളുടെ വ്യക്തിഗത ചരിത്രമുള്ള 40 വയസ്സുള്ള ഒരാൾ

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