Explain The Difference Between Sensation And Perception – Sensory systems with specialized receptors react to (transduce) different forms of energy. There is an obvious “law” difference. And we have Absolute Threshold – can detect stimulus 50% of the time. Advertisers Test Subliminal Perception We can do bottom-up processing, or top-down processing. We begin to ignore stimuli that are low level and do not change: Sensory adaptation Inattentional blindness: miss things completely

3 FIGURE 5.4 The amplitude or height of a wave is measured from peak to trough. Wavelength is measured from crest to crest… ie the height of the wave.

Explain The Difference Between Sensation And Perception

Light waves have 3 characteristics Amplitude determines brightness Wavelength determines the color we see Wave purity determines saturation What do our eyes do to provide us with a vision of the world? Focusing, focusing and transduction. The cornea does the first focus and then Light travels through the pupil, which is a round hole in the iris (the colorful part of your eye)

Sensation Multiple Choice Practicewith Answers

3. Light hits the lens and gets more focus 4. And then to its final destination… the fovea in the retina where transduction occurs. What does this transduction do? Two types of photoreceptor cells make the ball spin. Bars: sensitive to dim light but not wavelength (B&W). Lots of them, and they’re pretty evenly distributed. Cones: Sensitive to light and bright color and centered on the fovea. Great detail.

Other neurons connect these to the ganglion cells that form the optic nerve (blind spot) and these pass through the middle of the brain to the optic chiasm. How does this system provide color vision? Trichromatic theory (cone level) Opponent process theory (ganglion cells) Each has merit and fits different parts of the system What about depth perception? We use binocular cues like disparity, plus monocular cues like linear perspective

8 FIGURE 5.12 This illustration shows the optic chiasm in the front of the brain and the pathways to the occipital lobe in the back of the brain, where visual sensations are processed into meaningful perceptions.

9 FIGURE 5.15 We perceive depth in a two-dimensional figure like this through the use of monocular cues like linear perspective, like parallel lines converging as the road narrows into the distance. (credit: Marc Dalmulder) 9

Gestalt Psychology: What You Should Know

Sound travels in waves through the air (in space, no one can hear you scream) Wavelength translates into pitch or frequency Amplitude translates into noise levels Clarity gives tones richness or timbre Humans can hear from 20 Hz to 20 , 000 Hz What are the parts of this system, and how do they work together? Starting with The Pinna or outer ear, the sound then passes through the auditory canal to the

4. Three bones (hammer, anvil and post) 5. Vibrate the oval window, who is the fluid then 6. Vibrate the cochlear fluid which is activated 7. Hair cells in the basilar membrane Theory to explain how we hear? Yes! Place Theory by Helmholtz (high pitches) Temporal Theory (best for lower pitches) We can localize sounds thanks to binaural cues: interaural level and time differences. Hearing loss: can be congenital or acquired

12 FIGURE 5.16 The ear is divided into the outer (tympanic and tympanic membrane), middle (three bones: malleus, incus and stapes) and inner (cochlea and basilar membrane) compartments.

Gustation: Taste buds line the walls of the bumps on the tongue. Food molecules (dissolved in saliva) fit into receptors for 5 distinctly different tastes. day. You can have anywhere from 500 to 10,000 buds.

Perceptual Process Overview & Stages

10 million cilia in the nasal cavity (plus mucus) 1000 different types of olfactory receptors react to odor molecules in the air Here today, replaced in 5 to 8 weeks very direct connections for processing, data sent to the olfactory bulb , then to the limbic system and the olfactory cortex What about Somesthetic Senses? Skin for touch, temp, pressure and heat Meissner corpuscles respond to pressure Ruffini groups respond to stretch Free nerve endings for thermoception (temperature)

15 FIGURE 5.20 Olfactory receptors are hair-like parts that extend from the olfactory bulb to the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.

16 FIGURE 5.21 There are many types of sensory receptors located in the skin, each attuned to specific stimuli associated with touch.

Nociceptors in skin, muscles, joints and even some organs Signals can travel through large nerve fibers or small nerve fibers (speed varies) Inflammatory pain associated with tissue damage Neuropathic pain associated with damage to neurons in the peripheral nervous system or central Treatment options depend on the type of pain

What Is The Difference Between Sensation And Perception

Vestibular organs near the inner ear: filled with fluid and use hair cells. We have a utricle, saccule and 3 semicircular canals. For balance and posture Kinesthetic systems focus on body movements through space Proprioceptive systems for body position Data from joints, muscles, tendons and skin all passed through the cerebellum Enough for Sensation…What about perception?

19 FIGURE 5.22 The main sensory organs of the vestibular system are located near the cochlea in the inner ear. These include the utricle, the saccule, and the three semicircular canals (posterior, superior, and horizontal).

Perception is when our brain interprets all this data into a meaningful / organized experience of the world. How so? Gestalt psychologists believe that perception involves more than just the combination of sensory stimuli. The brain does more than simply summarize the available sensory data, and it does so repeatedly in predictable ways. Here are some perceptual principles: Figure / Ground Relationships Proximity Closeness Similarity Continuity Depth Perception? Two-dimensional signs Linear perspective Relative size Three-dimensional signs Convergence dycular inequality

21 FIGURE 5.23 The concept of the figure-ground relationship explains why this image can be perceived as either a vase or a pair of faces.

Introduction To Sensation And Perception

22 FIGURE 5.24 The Gestalt principle of proximity suggests that you see (a) a block of dots on the left side and (b) three columns on the right side.

23 FIGURE 5.25 When we look at this set of dots, we are likely to perceive alternating rows of colors. We are grouping these points according to the principle of similarity.

24 FIGURE 5.26 Good continuity would suggest that we are more likely to perceive this as two overlapping lines, rather than four lines meeting in the center.

Set or Perceptual Expectations Top-Down Processing Bottom-Up Processing Illusions Mess Up My Perceptual Process! Muller-Lyer Illusion based on room experience (cornered) Moon Illusion – ‘Apparent Distance Hypothesis’ – signs of depth on the horizon

Early Stage Visual Perception Impairment In Schizophrenia, Bottom Up And Back Again

26 FIGURE 5.3 In the Müller-Lyer illusion, the lines appear to have different lengths even though they are identical. Arrows at the ends of lines can make the line on the right appear longer, even though the lines are the same length. When applied to a three-dimensional image, the line on the right may still appear longer even though both black lines are the same length.

27 Closure suggests that we will perceive a complete circle and rectangle rather than a series of segments. This OpenStax help resource is © Rice University under a CC-BY 4.0 International License; reproduced and modified, but should be attributed to OpenStax, Rice University. Any unspecified modifications were performed by Neil Walker.

To make this website work, we record user data and share it with processors. To use this website, you must agree to our privacy policy, including our cookie policy. Creativity is the ability to see relationships where they do not exist. Thomas Disch And now here is my secret, a very simple secret: It is only with the heart that one can see straight; what is essential is invisible to the eye. Atoine de Saint-Exupéry

Psychology Standards TN 6.7 understand the relationship between the brain, sensory perceptions, and behavior. 6.9 analyze the role of perceptions in the psychological growth and development of people. OUR Objectives: Distinguish between sensation and perception using all five senses Identify and explain how body parts work together to create sensory experiences Use our senses to explore our environments

Aim: What Is The Difference Between Sensation And Perception

3 So who’s in charge – the people pointing over the fence or the guys on the ladder??

8 Selective attention Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus to the exclusion of others is called selective attention. The blurred figure of E. G. Boring is an example of selective attention. What are you looking at?

9 What is the difference? Sensation: Activates special receptors in the sense organs – eyes, ears, etc., allowing various forms of external stimuli Perception: Organizing sensations into meaningful patterns Transduction: the process of converting external stimuli (i.e. light) into neural activity Stimulus. : Form of energy that can affect sensory organs We are now moving into an area of ​​psychology that studies how we receive information about the world around us. This chapter, Sensation and Perception, addresses two different aspects of this phenomenon—what we decide to notice and pay attention to, and then what we do with that information. While the terms are used interchangeably, sensing actually refers to the process of detecting a stimulus while perception involves using that sensory information to form a meaningful pattern. It’s the difference between putting on display color fluctuations and

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