Climate Change Impacts In The United States – LAKE HOPATCONG, N.J. — New Jersey’s winter before climate change. This lake hosted intense winter festivals. About 15,000 skiers took part and motorists drove onto the thick ice. As local hockey teams battled each other, thousands of spectators and the American Skating Association held races, including one in 1926 that featured 21 ice boats on blades that traveled three miles.

In those days before widespread refrigeration, workers flocked here to harvest ice. They would carve two-foot-thick slabs, lift them onto huge icehouses, saw them, and then load them onto railroad cars bound for freezers in New York City and other cities.

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New Jersey’s average temperature has risen nearly 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1895 — double the average for the Lower 48 states.

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“These winters are gone,” said Marty Kane, an attorney and head of the Lake Hopatcong Foundation.

That’s because a century of warming has changed the character of the Garden State. The giant ice industry and the ski sailing club are just black-and-white photographs in the local museum. Even the bravest who still try to participate in ice fishing tournaments here have had to cancel the past 11 dozen tournaments for fear of straying onto the severely thin ice and falling into the frigid water.

New Jersey may seem like an unlikely place to measure climate change, but it’s one of the fastest-warming states in the country. Its average temperature has risen nearly 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) since 1895 — double the average for the lower 48 states.

Fred Crater opened the ice fishing season in the early 1920s with “big crankbaits on Lake Hopatcong.” At the peak of the lake, thousands of people gather on the ice for fishing tournaments and winter festivals. George Rinhart/Corbis/Getty Images

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Before refrigeration was widely used, workers harvested ice from Lake Hopakon and cut it into blocks for use on ships or for refrigerators. Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum

Around 1910, insulated trains like this ice car brought ice from New Jersey to New York City. Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum

Over the past two decades, The 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) figure has emerged as a critical threshold for global warming. In the 2015 Paris Agreement; International leaders have agreed that urgent action should be taken to keep global average temperatures below 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) by 2100.

The possible consequences are many. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has warned that if the Earth warms by an average of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), nearly all of the world’s coral reefs will die. The retreat of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica can counteract sea level rise; Arctic sea ice, a buffer against further summer warming, is about to disappear.

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48 lower states and 3 provinces; A Washington Post analysis of more than a century of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration temperature data from 107 counties shows that key areas are approaching the 2-degree Celsius (3.6-degree Fahrenheit) mark. .

– Today, 1 in 10 Americans—34 million people—live in tropical areas, including New York City and Los Angeles. Seventy-one counties have already reached the 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) mark.

– While Alaska is the nation’s hottest state, Rhode Island was the first state in the Lower 48 to see an average temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Other parts of the Northeast — New Jersey; Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts — close behind.

– Many people think of summer’s melting glaciers, Despite being associated with wildfires and devastating floods. Its high winter temperatures make New Jersey and nearby Rhode Island the warmest of the lower 48 states.

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New Jersey’s average temperature from December through February is now above 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), where the water freezes. That threshold, which was reached more than three decades ago, means that lakes often don’t freeze over. More snowmelt and extreme cold means that insects and bugs aren’t dying off like they once did.

The freezing point is “the most important level of all temperature,” said David A. Robinson, a New Jersey state climatologist and professor in Rutgers University’s Department of Geography.

Rhode Island was the first state in the Lower 48 to eclipse the average temperature of 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit).

Over the past century, the world has warmed by 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). But that’s the average. Some parts of the world, including the mountains of Romania and the mountains of Mongolia, doubled in size. It took decades or in some cases a century. But for large parts of the planet, climate change is a present reality, not something in the distant future.

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Earth’s 2C tropics; To find its fastest-warming spots, The Post analyzed temperature databases kept by NASA and NOAA. peer-reviewed scientific studies; and reports from local meteorologists. The global data set draws on thousands of land-based weather stations and other measurements in the ocean, equipped with sensors and ship records dating back to 1850.

2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) in any geographic location may not represent catastrophic global change, but it does threaten ecosystems; It can change landscapes and affect livelihoods and cultures.

Freezing ice on Lake Hopatcong has reduced waves of aquatic weeds that normally die from the cold. A new blow this year: after one of the hottest springs of the past century. Harmful bacteria called blue-green algae started growing in the lake in June when the tourist season hit.

The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has closed Lake Hopecon after finding toxic bacteria in one of the warmest streams of the past century.

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New Jersey’s largest lake has been closed after the state Environmental Agency warned against swimming or fishing for several weeks.

The failure of a global plan to reduce emissions of the greenhouse gases that cause climate change will worsen the country’s hot conditions. When the implications are fully recognized; The change is irreversible.

Daniel Pauly, an influential marine scientist at the University of British Columbia, said the 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) warming was sounding the alarm for climate change.

Across the country, the trend is clear. Starting in the late 1800s, temperatures in the US began to rise steadily until the 1930s. Then, for decades, the country froze a bit. But since around 1970, temperatures have risen dramatically.

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At the district level, The data reveal distinct 2°C (3.6°F) clusters: high deserts in Oregon; the western Rocky Mountains that feed the Colorado River; Counties along the northeast shore of Lake Michigan are home to the famous Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore near Traverse City.

The topography of warming varies. Some of the higher elevations, such as Utah and Colorado, and along the densely populated coasts were severe: 2C in Los Angeles and 2C in three neighboring counties. New York City is warming up fast, and there are places as diverse around it as beach resorts in the Hamptons and leafy Westchester County.

The smaller the area, the more difficult it is to identify the cause of the warming. urban thermal effects; Changes in air pollution levels; ocean currents; Events such as dust storms and natural weather shocks such as El Niño may play some role, experts say.

Region of the U.S. that hasn’t warmed since 1895: South where even little data shows cooling in some cases.

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The only part of the United States that hasn’t warmed significantly since the late 1800s is the South. In some cases, particularly Mississippi and Alabama, the data show little freezing. Scientists have identified this “warm hole” with plumes of smoke and ash from tailpipes that can block some of the sun’s intensity, although atmospheric circulations driven by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have health implications. Although carbon dioxide has gone unchecked for decades, those types of pollutants are limited by environmental policies.

Rutgers climate scientist Anthony Broccoli ranks the unusually warm or cold month as one of the five strongest on record going back to the late 1800s. In the case of New Jersey; “Since 2000, there have been 39 unusually cold and unusually warm months,” he said.

Scientists do not fully understand the heat of the Northeast. But experts say mild winters and extremely warm waters offshore are the most likely culprits. Because climate change is a self-perpetuating cycle.

Warm winters mean less ice and snow cover. Ordinarily, Ice and snow reflect sunlight back into space, keeping the planet relatively cool. But as the ice and snow receded, the earth began to absorb sunlight and warm.

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NOAA’s data shows that every state in the Northeast except Pennsylvania.

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