Where Is Thyroid Located In Human Body – Thyroid is a disease in which malignant () cells form in the tissue of the thyroid gland.

The thyroid is a gland located at the bottom of the throat near the windpipe. It is butterfly-shaped, with a right lobe and a left lobe. The isthmus, a thin tissue, connects the two lobes. A healthy thyroid is slightly larger than a quarter. It is usually not felt through the skin.

Where Is Thyroid Located In Human Body

Anatomy of Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands. The thyroid gland is located at the base of the throat near the windpipe. It is butterfly-shaped, with the right lobe and left lobe connected by a thin tissue called the isthmus. The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized organs found in the neck near the thyroid. The thyroid and parathyroid glands make hormones.

Explained: Thyroid Glands In Human Body

The thyroid uses iodine, a mineral found in certain foods and iodized salt, to help make many hormones. Thyroid hormones do the following:

Your doctor may find a lump (nodule) in your thyroid during a routine physical exam. A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth of thyroid cells in the thyroid. Nodules may be solid or fluid-filled.

When a thyroid nodule is found, ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid are often checked for signs. Blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels and for anti-thyroid antibodies in the blood can also be done to check for other types of thyroid disease.

Thyroid nodules usually do not cause symptoms or require treatment. Sometimes thyroid nodules become large enough that swallowing or breathing is difficult and further tests and treatment are needed. Only a small number of thyroid nodules are diagnosed.

Human Body Glands Parathyroid Glands Anatomy Stock Photo

Less common are poorly differentiated and undifferentiated tumors (anaplastic thyroid). These tumors grow and spread quickly and are less likely to recover. Patients with anaplastic thyroid should have molecular testing for the mutation

Medullary thyroid is a neuroendocrine tumor that develops in the C cells of the thyroid. C cells make a hormone (calcitonin) that helps maintain a healthy level of calcium in the blood.

Anything that increases your risk of developing a disease is called a risk factor. Having a risk factor doesn’t mean you’ll get it; Not having risk factors doesn’t mean you can’t get it. Talk to your doctor if you think you are at risk.

Medullary thyroid is sometimes caused by a change in a gene that is passed from parent to child.

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There is a genetic test that can be used to check for the changed gene. The patient is first tested to determine if the mutated gene is present. If the patient has it, other family members may also be tested to determine if they are at risk for medullary thyroid. Family members, including young children with the mutated gene, may have a thyroidectomy (surgery to remove the thyroid). It reduces the chance of developing medullary thyroid.

Thyroid may not cause initial signs or symptoms. It is sometimes found during a routine physical exam. Signs or symptoms may occur as the tumor enlarges. Other conditions may cause the same signs or symptoms. Consult your doctor if you have any of the following:

After thyroid is diagnosed, tests are done to see if the cells have spread within the thyroid or to other parts of the body.

The process used to determine whether it has spread within the thyroid or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. Knowing the patient’s age and stage is important for planning treatment.

The Purpose Of The Thyroid

When it spreads to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. The cells break away from where they started (the primary tumor) and travel through the lymphatic system or blood.

A metastatic tumor is similar to the primary tumor. For example, if the thyroid spreads to the lung, the cells in the lung are actually thyroid cells. The disease is metastatic thyroid, not lung.

Many deaths occur when the original tumor moves and spreads to other tissues and organs. This is called metastatic. This animation shows how cells in the body travel from where they are first formed to other parts of the body.

Stages used to describe the thyroid are based on the type of thyroid and the age of the patient:

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An anaplastic thyroid develops quickly and usually spreads in the neck when it is discovered. An anaplastic thyroid is considered thyroid stage IV. Stage IV anaplastic thyroid is divided into stages IVA, IVB and IVC.

A variety of treatments are available for thyroid patients. Some treatments are standard (currently used treatment), and some are being tested in clinical trials. A treatment clinical trial is a research study intended to improve existing treatments or to help patients gain information on new treatments. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to consider participating in a clinical trial. Some clinical trials are only open to patients who have not started treatment.

Radiation therapy is a treatment that uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cells or stop them from growing. There are two types of radiation therapy:

Radiation therapy may be given to kill thyroid cells that are not removed after surgery. Follicular and papillary thyroids are sometimes treated with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. RAI is taken by mouth and collects in any remaining thyroid tissue, including thyroid cells that have spread to other places in the body. Because only thyroid tissue takes up iodine, RAI destroys thyroid tissue and thyroid cells without harming other tissues. Before the full treatment dose of RAI is given, a small test-dose is given to determine if the tumor is taking up iodine.

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The way radiation therapy is given depends on the type and stage of treatment. External radiation therapy and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy are used to treat thyroid.

Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cells by killing them or stopping them from dividing. When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle, the drugs enter the bloodstream and reach the body’s cells (systemic chemotherapy). When chemotherapy is placed directly into the cerebrospinal fluid, an organ, or a body cavity such as the abdomen, the drugs mainly affect the cells in those areas (regional chemotherapy).

Hormone therapy removes hormones or blocks their action and stops cell growth. Hormones are substances made by the body’s glands and released into the bloodstream. In thyroid treatment, medications are given to prevent the body from making thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which increases the chance of thyroid enlargement or recurrence.

Also, because thyroid treatment kills thyroid cells, the thyroid does not make enough thyroid hormone. Patients are given thyroid hormone replacement pills.

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Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cells. There are different types of targeted therapy:

Watchful waiting involves monitoring the patient’s condition closely without offering any treatment until signs or symptoms appear or change.

Immunotherapy is a treatment used to fight the patient’s immune system. Substances made by the body or manufactured in a laboratory are used to enhance, direct, or restore the body’s natural defenses. This treatment is a type of biological therapy. Immunotherapy is being studied as a treatment for thyroid.

For some patients, participating in a clinical trial may be the best treatment option. Clinical trials are part of the research process. Clinical trials are done to determine whether new treatments are safe and effective or better than standard treatment.

Thyroid Cancer Treatment

Many of today’s standard treatments are based on earlier clinical trials. Patients participating in a clinical trial may receive a standard treatment or be among the first to receive a new treatment.

Patients who participate in clinical trials can help improve the way they receive treatment in the future. Although clinical trials do not lead to effective new treatments, they often answer important questions and help advance research.

Some clinical trials include only untreated patients. Other trials test treatments for patients who do not improve. There are also clinical trials that test new ways to prevent recurrence (relapse) or reduce the side effects of treatment.

Clinical trials are underway in many areas

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