Where Is The Liver Located On A Human Body – Hepatic adenoma is a common benign liver mass with malignant potential that occurs most often in women of childbearing age. It is strongly associated with long-term use of oral contraceptive pills or other forms of estrogen. It is also seen less frequently in men who use bodybuilding steroids.

Most patients with liver adenoma are asymptomatic. 20-25% of patients present with pain or discomfort in the right upper quadrant, and about 30% bleed into the adenoma. The size of the mass can vary from 1-20 cm in diameter, and the risk of malignant transformation into liver cancer increases significantly by 4 cm.

Where Is The Liver Located On A Human Body

Liver adenoma larger than 4 cm should be surgically extirpated by liver resection. Liver adenomas of any size in men require liver resection due to the high probability of malignant transformation.

Where Is The Human Liver Located?

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is 10 times more common than liver adenoma. It is mainly diagnosed in women between 30 and 50 years of age. Most FNHs are discovered incidentally, but can also be identified by clinical signs such as pain, discomfort, nausea, a palpable mass, or increased liver function on blood results.

Complications such as rupture or bleeding are rare for FNH, and malignant transformation has not been reported. Percutaneous liver biopsy for histological confirmation is required only in a minority of patients. MRI of the liver with primovist (intravenous contrast agent) can often distinguish hepatic adenoma from FNH. It is important to consult a liver specialist to avoid misdiagnosis.

Liver cysts occur in about 5% of the general population, and 10% of them develop symptoms such as pain, nausea, discomfort, bloating, early satiety, and weight loss. When a liver cyst enlarges, it stretches the liver capsule, which can cause the above symptoms. Liver cysts can be single or multiple and can appear anywhere in the liver.

Asymptomatic liver cysts do not require surgical intervention. Treatment of a symptomatic liver cyst involves removal of a large portion of the cyst wall (roofing/fenestration), followed by evaluation by a pathologist to determine or rule out the presence of premalignant cells in the cyst wall. .

Digestive System: Function, Organs & Anatomy

Dr. Papoulas performs this operation laparoscopically through 3 small incisions. Most patients are discharged the same day, with only a small number of patients requiring an overnight hospital stay, usually due to other pre-existing medical conditions.

Hemangioma is the most common primary benign (noncancerous) mass of the liver, with a prevalence of up to 20%. It is formed by the proliferation (often dilated) of blood vessels and is supported by connective tissue septa. Basically, it is a sponge of blood vessels located inside the liver. This lesion is detected in all ages and sexes, although it is more common in women between 30 and 50 years of age.

Characteristic signs of liver hemangioma are usually observed on three-phase CT or MRI of the liver. Liver biopsy is contraindicated to prevent severe intra-abdominal bleeding. There is no risk of malignant transformation in hemangiomas. Hemangiomas that cause symptoms such as pain, nausea, discomfort, right shoulder pain, or a hemangioma that grows rapidly or causes consumptive coagulopathy should be surgically removed by liver resection. .

Biliary cystadenoma or mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver is a rare premalignant cystic lesion that accounts for less than 5% of all intrahepatic biliary cysts, with a peak incidence in middle-aged women in their 50s. has an index.

Anatomy, Location, And Function Of The Duodenum

It is usually located in the middle of the liver and arises from the 4th segment. The diagnosis of this lesion can sometimes be difficult and is often mistaken for a simple liver cyst. The inner surface of these cystic lesions is usually smooth. If there are solid areas, there is a greater concern for an invasive component.

Because of the potential for malignant progression to cystadenocarcinoma (cancer), this mass requires complete surgical removal by liver resection or pericystectomy.

Dr. Mikhail Papulas and his team perform this liver resection using a minimally invasive technique through 4-5 small incisions. Most patients only require 2-4 days of hospital recovery.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying liver disease. Approximately 1-3% of patients with liver cirrhosis of any cause develop HCC. In Europe, the most common causes of liver cirrhosis are alcoholism, hepatitis C virus and morbid obesity (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis).

B Scientific The Liver Chart

Imaging modalities for HCC are contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. Hepatocellular carcinoma shows a very characteristic appearance on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. A biochemical marker with blood work is also important to support the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein (>400ng/ml) is consistent with the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, not all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. A routine liver biopsy is not necessary to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma treatment methods depend on the condition of the background of the liver (cirrhosis level), the number of tumors, the location of the tumor, the size of the tumor, the proximity to the structures of the main vessels and bile ducts, and the size of the future liver remnants. For a patient with early cirrhosis and good liver function (Child A), curative treatment is by liver resection to obtain clear margins. Alternatively, laparoscopic microwave or radiofrequency ablation can be used for hepatocellular carcinomas less than 3 cm in size. There are strict criteria for patients with HCC eligible for liver transplantation. In general, patients with multifocal or large hepatocellular carcinoma are not candidates for liver transplantation. Systemic oral chemotherapy has a relatively limited role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Other non-operative treatments such as transarterial radioembolization using Y-90 and chemoembolization using chemotherapy particles are palliative treatments for many liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Curative treatment can only be achieved by liver resection, liver transplantation, and liver ablation for small hepatocellular carcinomas.

Dr. Papoulas has extensive experience in the successful treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using minimally invasive liver surgery. He is the only surgeon trained in liver surgery and liver transplantation in Cyprus and has extensive experience in the management of these patients.

Location Of The Normal Liver: Topography

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer arising from branches of the bile ducts within the liver. It is the 2nd most common liver cancer, accounting for 5-15% of primary liver cancers. Risk factors include chronic biliary diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, presence of liver stones (hepatolithiasis), choledochal cyst, and liver fluke infections, which are common in Southeast Asia. However, most patients present without predisposing factors.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are usually asymptomatic until advanced stage, presenting with abdominal pain or jaundice. The only potentially curative treatment is liver resection, the goal of which is to obtain clear resection margins. Minimally invasive, laparoscopic, or robotic liver resection offers similar oncologic outcomes, fewer postoperative complications, and the fastest recovery compared to the traditional open approach.

The liver is the most common site for tumor metastases from other organs. The most common types of cancer that metastasize to the liver are colon and rectal cancer, followed by pancreatic, neuroendocrine, soft tissue sarcoma, breast, stomach, esophagus, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian and uterine cancer. Venous drainage for colon and rectal cancer follows the superior and inferior mesenteric veins to the portal vein and then to the liver.

Approximately 50% of patients with colon and rectal cancer develop liver metastases. Even if the cancer has spread to the liver (stage IV disease), it can be treated with liver resection or microwave/radiofrequency ablation in addition to systemic chemotherapy.

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Minimally invasive surgery, such as laparoscopic liver resection, is the preferred method associated with fewer postoperative complications, less postoperative pain, shorter recovery, and earlier administration of systemic chemotherapy.

Dr. Papoulas routinely performs laparoscopic liver resections for colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver, often during the same operation as a primary resection of colon cancer (combined colon and liver resection). Dr. Papoulas and his colorectal surgeon partner are the only team in Cyprus that offers the possibility of simultaneous resection of colon cancer and cancer.

Figure 4. Computed tomography (segment IV) of a patient with a solitary metastasis in the right lobe of the liver.

Dr. Michael Papoulas routinely performs laparoscopic liver resections for neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver, often in combination with microwave liver ablation to achieve tumor-free status. Most hepatobiliary surgeons recommend liver resection if more than 90% of liver metastases can be resected and less than 75% of liver parenchyma.

Female Liver Anatomy Cut Out Stock Images & Pictures

The signs and symptoms of carcinoid tumors vary greatly among patients. Most neuroendocrine tumors grow slowly, but some of them can be very aggressive, similar to other cancers, with a very poor prognosis.

If liver resection cannot be offered for any reason, alternative treatment options such as soft embolization, transarterial chemoembolization, and radioembolization can be considered. These are not cures, but they can help slow the growth of metastatic tumors and reduce symptoms.

Metastatic breast cancer often spreads to the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. 15% of newly diagnosed patients with metastatic breast cancer have liver metastases, and in 1/3 of these patients, the liver is the only site of distant metastases. Increasing data on liver resection for metastatic breast cancer have shown improved long-term survival in patients. many patients, especially when it is used

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