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What Is The Role Of The White Blood Cells

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White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leukocytes, are components of the blood that lack hemoglobin, have a nucleus, and have the ability to move. and protects the body from infection and disease. White blood cells carry out defensive activities by taking in foreign particles and cellular debris by destroying infectious agents and cancer cells. or by producing antibodies Although white cells are found in the circulatory system, But it mostly occurs outside the circulation within tissues. This is where they fight infection. Some of the bloodstream is in transit from one place to another. White cells are highly differentiated due to their specialized function. and do not undergo cell division (mitosis) in the bloodstream. However, some retain the ability to divide cells.

From its appearance under a light microscope White cells are grouped into three main types: lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes, and each performs somewhat different functions. lymphocytes, which further divide into B cells and T cells It is responsible for the recognition of specific foreign substances and their subsequent removal from the host. granulocytes, which are the largest number of white cells It works to eliminate large disease-causing organisms such as protozoa or parasites. It is also an important mediator of allergies and other forms of inflammation. Monocytes, which account for between 4 and 8 percent of the total number of white blood cells in the blood. It moves from the blood to the area of ​​infection. where they further differentiate into macrophages.

Healthy humans have between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood. Fluctuations in the number of white cells occur during the day. Lower values ​​are obtained during rest and higher values ​​during exercise. An abnormal increase in the number of white cells is called leukopenia. while an abnormal decrease in the number is called leukopenia. White blood cell counts may increase in response to intense physical exertion, seizures, acute emotional reactions, pain, pregnancy, birth, and certain disease states such as infections and intoxication. This number may decrease with infection or certain medications. or related to certain conditions, such as chronic anemia Malnutrition or allergies generally Newborns have a high white blood cell count which gradually increases. It declines to adult levels during childhood.

White blood cells, also called leukocytes or leukocytes, are components of cells in the blood that lack hemoglobin. They have a nucleus and can move. and protects the body from infection and disease by ingesting foreign substances and cellular debris by destroying germs. and cancer cells or by producing antibodies.

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In adults, bone marrow makes 60 to 70 percent of white cells (such as granulocytes). Lymphoid tissue. Especially the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. will create lymphocytes (contains 20 to 30 percent white cells) reticuloendothelial tissue of the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and other organs It produces monocytes (4 to 8 percent of white cells). A healthy human has between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood. Fluctuations in the number of white cells occur during the day. Lower values ​​are obtained during rest and higher values ​​during exercise.

The survival of white blood cells as living cells depends on their continuous energy production. The chemical pathways used are more complex than those of red blood cells and similar to those of other tissue cells. White cells, which have a nucleus and can produce nucleic acid (RNA), can synthesize proteins.

Although white cells are found in the circulatory system, But it mostly occurs outside the circulation within tissues. This is where they fight infection. Some of the bloodstream is in transit from one place to another. As a living cell Their survival depends on continuous energy production. The chemical pathways used are more complex than those of red blood cells and similar to those of other tissue cells. White cells, which have a nucleus and can produce ribonucleic acid (RNA), can synthesize proteins. White cells are highly differentiated due to their specialized function. and do not undergo cell division (mitosis) in the bloodstream. However, some retain the ability to divide cells. From its appearance under a light microscope White cells are grouped into three main types: lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes, and each performs somewhat different functions.

Lymphocytes, which further divide into B cells and T cells It is responsible for the recognition of specific foreign substances and their subsequent removal from the host. B lymphocytes secrete antibodies, which are proteins that bind to foreign microorganisms in the body’s tissues and mediate their destruction. T cells generally recognize cells infected with viruses or cancer cells and destroy them. or act as helper cells to aid in the production of antibodies by B cells. This group also includes natural killer (NK) cells, named for their natural ability to kill cells. Various goals In healthy people, approximately 25 to 33 percent of white blood cells are lymphocytes.

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Granulocytes, which are the largest number of white cells It works to eliminate large disease-causing organisms such as protozoa or parasites. It is also an important mediator of allergies and other forms of inflammation. These cells contain numerous cytoplasmic granules or secretory vesicles that contain chemicals with important potential in the immune response. They also have multilobed nuclei. and for this reason they are often called polymorphonuclear cells. on the basis of how their granules absorb the dye in the laboratory. Granulocytes are divided into three types: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Granulocytes are the most numerous, accounting for 50 to 80 percent of all white cells. are neutrophils They are often one of the first types of cells to arrive at the site of infection. They engulf and destroy infectious microorganisms through a process called phagocytosis. Eosinophils and Basophils Including tissue cells called mast cells. usually arrives later The closely related granules of basophils and mast cells contain several chemicals. Including histamine and leukotrienes. This is important in triggering the inflammatory response from allergic reactions. Eosinophils destroy parasites and also help modulate the inflammatory response.

Monocytes, which account for between 4 and 8 percent of the total number of white blood cells in the blood. It moves from the blood to the area of ​​infection. where they further differentiate into macrophages. These cells are scavengers that phagocytose all microorganisms or are killed. Therefore, it is effective in directly destroying germs and cleaning cell debris from infected areas. Neutrophils and macrophages are the main phagocytic cells of the body. But macrophages are much larger and longer-lived than neutrophils. Some macrophages are important as antigen-presenting cells. Cells that phagocytose and degrade microorganisms and present some of these organisms to T lymphocytes. Therefore, it stimulates a specific acquired immune response. Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in humans. The immune system and its various functions Including swallowing and digesting microorganisms Removes dirt and dead cells. and stimulate other cells Macrophages are involved in immune function and provide innate immunity. It is usually the first line of defense against foreign antigens. Adaptive immunity, on the other hand, is a subtype of the immune system that involves special immune cells and antibodies. In addition to playing a role in the immune system Macrophages also secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. small signaling proteins) and help mediate the repair process.

Macrophages arise from monocytes, which themselves are derived from the bone marrow. Monocytes circulate through the blood for one to three days before migrating to tissues. They become macrophages or dendritic cells (i.e., a type of antigen-presenting cell that plays a role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity). Macrophages can be found in many organs in the body, including the liver. brain, bones, and lungs, as well as in the blood Especially in areas that are infected.

Most macrophages can be divided into two main types: M1 and M2. M1 type macrophages are also known as classic macrophages. Triggered by the invasion of pathogens. and play an important role in the immune response to foreign pathogens such as M2 bacteria, also known as alternatively activated macrophages. Plays a role in wound healing and tissue repair. and has an anti-inflammatory role

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In general, macrophages play a role in destroying infectious organisms that enter the body. Eliminate cell debris and wound healing It also plays an important role in granuloma formation. which is a gathering of macrophages that act as a barrier to infection The specific function of M1 macrophages is to detect, engulf, and destroy bacteria. They can do this.

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