What Is The Primary Function Of The Parietal Lobe – Parietal lobe touch; pain A region of the brain responsible for processing somatosensory information, including temperature and joint locations. It also involves integrating the various sensory information into a deeper meaning that helps locate the exact physical location of the individual and guides movements in three-dimensional space (ie, proprioception).

The parietal lobes are located in the cerebrum, or large, upper part of the brain. The brain consists of roughly symmetrical halves called the right and left hemispheres; It is divided by a mid-length horizontal crack. Each hemisphere of the brain is divided into frontal, parietal It is divided into four main lobes, including the temporal and occipital lobes. The parietal lobe is located behind the frontal lobe; Superior to the occipital lobe and temporal lobe. Although the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe. The parieto-occipital sulcus is a central sulcus from the frontal lobe. Finally, A lateral sulcus known as the Sylvian fissure separates the parietal and temporal lobes. parietal lobe, postcentral gyrus; It can be divided into three areas: the superior parietal lobe and the inferior parietal lobule. The postcentral gyrus is located directly posterior to the central sulcus and is inferior to the inferior and superior parietal lobules, separated by the intraparietal sulcus.

What Is The Primary Function Of The Parietal Lobe

The functions of the parietal lobe are to receive somatosensory signals (such as touch and position sensations) and to integrate sensory inputs from various parts of the body to develop a deeper understanding of one’s environment and body position. contact vibration pressure pain Somatic sensations, including temperature and joint position, are processed in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), located in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. This information is sent to the somatosensory integration area in the posterior part of the parietal lobe. Here, An important higher-level function is the somatosensory cortex; areas of the thalamus; It occurs due to the combination of the primary visual cortex (V1) of the occipital lobe and the primary auditory cortex (A1) of the temporal lobe. It creates an overall view of one’s body position and spatial orientation in relation to the environment. This information is then sent to parts of the brain’s motor cortex located in the frontal lobes, which can cause muscle contractions to coordinate body movements.

Frontal Lobe: Why Is It So Important? What Happens If It Is Injured?

Damage to the parietal lobe can produce symptoms related to somatic sensations, depending on the location of the lesion. Damage to the primary somatosensory cortex results in an inability to localize sensation, meaning that a person can generally describe the location of a sensation, such as a limb or side of the body, but cannot identify the exact location. These deficits include the inability to separate two skin stimuli, known as two-point discrimination, and the inability to identify numbers or letters traced on the skin, known as graphesthesia. A person can determine changes in pressure on their body or weight; The appearance and form of objects may be lost without being able to determine them.

Damage to the somatosensory association area of ​​the parietal lobe can impair the ability to remember complex objects or even a person’s sense of the body on the side contralateral to the parietal lesion. for example, A lesion in the right parietal lobe makes them unable to identify objects on their left side or that they are on the left side of their body; Individuals may develop a phenomenon called hemispatial neglect. An example of hemispatial neglect is when asked to draw a clock. Individuals draw all the numbers on one half of the clock but do not notice that the other side has not yet been drawn. Or wear apraxia that only covers half of their body. Individuals may also suffer from apathy, which is an inability to recognize their condition, or anosognosia, which is an inability to recognize their condition.

Because the parietal lobe is responsible for spatial relationships and the visual perception of the environment; Body movements can have symptoms that rely on this information. for example, Optic ataxia occurs when a person reaches out to grasp an object but misses the target by incorrectly positioning their hand and arm to do so successfully.

Finally, Damage to the parietal lobe can help us understand and solve problems, especially with speech and number processing. It inhibits the ability to integrate sound and somatosensory information. As a result, This can lead to acalculia, an inability to perform mathematical calculations, and agraphia, an inability to write. In addition, Some lesions can cause alexia (inability to read) and oraphasia (inability to formulate or understand language).

Frontal Lobes: Motor Cortex, Cognition, And Speech

Accident, Trauma to the brain, including falls and gunshot wounds, can damage the parietal lobe. Vascular conditions (such as stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral hemorrhage) can affect the function of the parietal lobe. infections (such as meningitis and encephalitis); Tumors; and autoimmune diseases such as lupus and multiple sclerosis. As a result of severe and repeated relapses, the parietal lobe can also be damaged; This may increase the risk for subsequent seizures.

The parietal lobe plays an important role in processing and integrating sensory information. The anterior part of the parietal lobe, called the primary somatosensory cortex, processes somatic senses to interpret touch and position senses. Then the somatosensory integration area is the position of the body; It is combined with sensory information from the visual and auditory pathways to provide a deeper understanding of movements and surroundings. parietal lobe lesions; tumor vascular injury Seizures and can be injured by some autoimmune diseases. This can lead to neglect. optic ataxia; to localize sensation; Inability to recognize two-point discrimination or determine certain aspects of an object (such as weight, texture, and shape) and other conditions. Parietal peritoneum refers to the outer layer of the peritoneum. It covers the abdominal and pelvic walls as well as the diaphragm. It consists of an embryonic derivative of mesoderm composed of a single mesothelial cell bound by fibrous tissue (ie, the middle of the three germ layers developed in early embryonic life).

The peritoneum is a thin membrane lining the abdomen. It consists of two layers: the outermost layer, referred to as the parietal peritoneum, which surrounds the abdomen and pelvis; The inner layer that covers the organs inside the abdomen. water between the two layers; A potential site containing a small amount (about 50-100 mL) of serous fluid containing electrolytes and immune cells (eg, white blood cells). This fluid acts as a lubricant between the layers as well as a form of protection.

The parietal peritoneum covers the abdominal and pelvic walls as well as the diaphragm. As the outermost layer of the peritoneum, The parietal peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity, also known as the abdominal cavity, which contains almost every organ in the abdomen and pelvis.

Signs & Symptoms

Depending on whether the organs are completely or partially covered by the peritoneum, they are classified as intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organs. Intraperitoneal refers to organs or structures completely covered by the visceral peritoneum, such as the liver; It includes organs such as the stomach and colon. On the other hand, Retroperitoneal organs are organs that do not lie within the peritoneal cavity, so they are only partially covered by the parietal peritoneum. More specifically, Only the anterior wall is covered by the parietal peritoneum. These organs are further classified into primary and secondary retroperitoneal organs depending on their position during development. The primary retroperitoneal organs are located outside the peritoneal cavity and include the adrenal glands, In addition to the kidney and ureter, the abdominal aorta; including the inferior vena cava and their respective branches. The secondary retroperitoneal organs, which form intrauterine organs throughout development and become retroperitoneal structures; Pancreas Includes the ascending and descending colon and the distal part of the duodenum.

The parietal peritoneum provides protection and support for the abdomen and its organs. This peritoneal layer covers the abdominal walls and acts as a lubricating surface, reducing friction between the organs. In addition, The parietal peritoneum acts as a protective boundary against any pathogens (eg, bacteria) that may penetrate the peritoneal peritoneum. Finally, the blood vessels that supply the abdomen and pelvis. Covers and protects nerves and lymphatic vessels.

The peritoneum is classified as parietal and visceral depending on the surface it covers. Internal organs are covered by visceral peritoneum. The visceral peritoneum forms the lining of the abdomen. for example, The greater omentum is a large sheath of visceral peritoneum that extends downward from the stomach. in particular, It extends from the curvature of the stomach to the large intestine. Another fold of the visceral peritoneum is the lesser omentum

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