What Is The Function Of Protein In Your Body – Proteins are the “workhorses” of the body and are involved in many bodily functions. Proteins come in all sizes and shapes and each one is structured for its specific function.

More than a hundred different structural proteins have been found in the human body, but the most abundant is collagen, which makes up about 6 percent of the body’s total weight. Collagen makes up 30 percent of bone tissue and contains large amounts of tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skin, and muscles. Collagen is a strong, fibrous protein composed primarily of glycine and proline. Within its quaternary structure the three peptide chains are twisted around each other like a rope and then these collagen ropes overlap. This highly ordered structure is even stronger than steel fibers of the same size. Collagen makes bones strong, but flexible. The collagen fibers of the dermis of the skin give it structure, and the accompanying elastin protein fibrils make it flexible. Break the skin in your hand and then release; Collagen and elastin proteins in the skin allow it to return to its original shape. Smooth muscle cells that secrete the proteins collagen and elastin line the blood vessels, providing the ability to stretch back after the blood has passed through. Another strong, fibrous protein is keratin, which is what makes up skin, hair and nails. Collagen fibrils in tendons and ligaments allow for the synchronous mechanical movement of tightly packed bones and muscles and the ability for these tissues to retract after a movement is complete.

What Is The Function Of Protein In Your Body

Although proteins are found in the greatest quantities in connective tissues such as bones, their most unique function is as enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that carry out specific chemical reactions. The job of an enzyme is to provide a site for a chemical reaction and to decrease the energy and time required for that chemical reaction to occur (this is called “catalysis”). On average, more than a hundred chemical reactions occur in cells every second and most of them require enzymes. The liver alone has over a thousand enzyme systems. Enzymes are specific and will only use particular substrates that fit into their active site, such that the lock can only be opened with a specific key. Almost all chemical reactions require a specific enzyme. Fortunately, an enzyme can perform its role as a catalyst over and over again, even if it is eventually destroyed and rebuilt. All body functions, including the breakdown of nutrients in the stomach and small intestine, the conversion of nutrients into molecules that can be used by a cell, and the construction of all macromolecules, including protein itself, involve enzymes (see Figure 6.10 “Function of Enzymes in Carbohydrate Digestion”). .

Amino Acids: Structure, Classification And Function

Proteins are responsible for hormone synthesis. Hormones are chemical messages produced by endocrine glands. When an endocrine gland is stimulated, it releases a hormone. The hormone is then transported in the bloodstream to the target cell, where it delivers a message to initiate a specific cellular reaction or process. For example, after eating a meal, your blood glucose level rises. As a result of increased blood glucose, the pancreas releases the hormone insulin. Insulin tells the body’s cells that glucose is available and to take it from the blood and store it or use it to create energy or build macromolecules. A major function of hormones is to activate and deactivate enzymes, so some proteins can regulate the actions of other proteins. Although not all hormones are made of protein, many of them are.

Adequate protein intake allows the body’s basic biological processes to remain in a state of flux. Fluid balance refers to maintaining the distribution of water in the body. If too much water in the blood suddenly moves into a tissue, the results are inflammation and potentially cell death. Water always flows from an area of ​​high concentration to an area of ​​low concentration. As a result, water moves to areas with higher concentrations of other solutes, such as proteins and glucose. To keep water evenly distributed between the blood and the cells, proteins constantly circulate in high concentrations in the blood. The most abundant protein in the blood is the butterfly-shaped protein known as albumin. The presence of albumin in the blood makes the protein concentration in the blood similar to that in the cells. Therefore, the fluid exchange between the blood and the cells is not extreme, but is reduced to preserve the condition.

PDB 1o9x EBI Jawahar Swaminathan and MSD Bioinformatics Institute Europe / Public Domain Staff The butterfly-shaped protein, albumin, has many functions in the body, including maintaining fluid and acid-base balance and transporting molecules.

Protein is also essential for maintaining the proper pH balance in the blood (a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is). Blood pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly basic. A small change in blood pH can affect body functions. Remember that acidic conditions can cause protein denaturation, which stops the protein from working. The body has several systems that keep the pH of the blood within normal range to prevent this from happening. One of them is circulating albumin. Albumin is slightly acidic, and because it is negatively charged, it balances many positively charged molecules, such as protons (H+), calcium, potassium and magnesium circulating in the blood. Albumin acts as a buffer against sudden changes in the concentration of these molecules, thus balancing and maintaining the pH of the blood. Hemoglobin protein also participates in acid-base balance by binding and releasing protons.

By C. Kohn Agricultural Sciences Waterford, Wi

Albumin and hemoglobin also have an effect on molecular transport. Albumin chemically binds to hormones, fatty acids, vitamins, essential minerals and drugs and transports them through the circulatory system. Each red blood cell contains hemoglobin molecules that bind oxygen from the lungs and transport it to all tissues of the body. A cell’s plasma membrane is usually not permeable to large polar molecules, so many proteins are present in the cell membrane to transport the necessary nutrients and molecules into the cell. Some of these proteins are channels that allow certain molecules to enter and exit cells. Others act as one-way taxis and require energy to operate.

Antibody protein consists of two heavy chains and two light chains. The variable region, which differs from one antibody to another, allows an antibody to recognize its matching antigen.

We explained earlier that the strong collagen fibers in the skin give it structure and support. The dense network of collagen fibers in the skin also serves as a barricade against harmful substances. The attack and destruction functions of the immune system depend on enzymes and antibodies, which are also proteins. An enzyme called lysozyme is secreted in the saliva and attacks the bacterial walls, causing them to break. Certain proteins circulating in the blood can be directed to build a molecular knife that stabs the cell membranes of foreign invaders. Antibodies secreted by white blood cells scan the entire circulatory system for harmful bacteria and viruses to surround and destroy. Antibodies also influence other factors in the immune system to seek out and destroy unwanted intruders.

Proteins are involved in all aspects of wound healing, a process that occurs in three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. For example, if you were sewing and pricked your finger with a needle, the flesh would become red and inflamed. The bleeding would stop within seconds. The healing process begins with proteins such as bradykinin, which dilate blood vessels at the site of injury. An additional protein called fibrin helps secure the platelets that form the clot to stop bleeding. Then, during the proliferative phase, the cells move in and repair the injured tissue by installing newly made collagen fibers. Collagen fibers help hold the edges of the wound together. During the remodeling phase, more collagen is deposited, forming a scar. Scar tissue is only about 80 percent as functional as normal, undamaged tissue. If a diet does not contain enough protein, the wound healing process is significantly slowed down.

Signs That You Need More Protein

While wound healing only occurs after an injury, another process called tissue regeneration is taking place in the body. The main difference between wound healing and tissue regeneration lies in the process of recreating an exact structural and functional copy of the lost tissue. In this way, the old dying tissue is not replaced by scar tissue, but by new, fully functional tissue. Some cells (such as skin, hair, nails, and intestinal cells) have a very high rate of regeneration, while others (such as heart muscle cells and nerve cells) do not regenerate to any significant degree. Tissue regeneration is the generation of new cells (cell division), which requires a variety of proteins, including enzymes that synthesize RNA and proteins, transport proteins, hormones, and collagen. In a hair follicle, cells divide and a hair grows in length. Hair growth is on average 1 centimeter per month and nails grow every hundred days. The

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