What Is Kidney Function Test Normal Range – Knowing different normal laboratory values ​​is an important step in making an informed clinical decision as a nurse. Diagnostic and laboratory tests are tools that provide valuable patient insights and information. Laboratory tests are used to confirm a diagnosis, monitor a disease, and the patient’s response to treatment.

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What Is Kidney Function Test Normal Range

The diagnostic test involves three phases: pretest, intratest and post-test. Nurses have responsibilities for each step of diagnostic testing.

Difference Between Blood Urea Nitrogen Bun And Creatinine

In the pre-test, the main goal is to prepare the client for the diagnostic procedure. Responsibilities during the pretest include:

During intratesting, the primary focus is on collecting specimens and performing or assisting in certain diagnostic procedures. Additional responsibilities during the intratest are:

During the last part of the diagnostic exam, nursing care revolves around observation and follow-up activities of the patient. For example, if a contrast dye was injected during a CT scan, the nurse should encourage the patient to increase fluid intake to help excrete the dye. Additional responsibilities during the post-test include:

Below are normal laboratory values ​​for red blood cell studies which include hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, serum iron, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Venous blood is used as a sample for the complete blood count (CBC), a basic screening test that is often ordered to give an idea of ​​a patient’s health status.

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Blood culture is a fairly routine test that identifies a disease-causing organism in the blood, especially in patients who have a higher-than-normal temperature for an unknown reason. The test is relatively simple for the patient and involves a simple blood test.

A blood culture is performed to determine which specific organism or bacteria is causing the problem and how best to combat it.

The test requires little preparation on the part of the patient. The patient will be asked what types of medications he or she is taking, including prescriptions and dietary supplements. The patient may be asked to stop taking certain medications that may alter blood culture results.

Red blood cells or erythrocytes carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. Red blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow, can survive in the peripheral blood for 120 days, and are removed from the blood through the bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

Creatinine (serum Creatinine)

Hemoglobin is the protein component of red blood cells that acts as a vehicle for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It is composed of a pigment (heme) that transports iron and a protein (globin). The hemoglobin test is a measurement of the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood.

Hematocrit or packed cell volume (Hct, PCV or crit) represents the percentage of the total blood volume made up of red blood cells (RBCs).

Red blood cell indicators (RBC indices) determine the characteristics of a red blood cell. It is useful in the diagnosis of pernicious and iron deficiency anemias and other liver diseases.

Iron is essential for blood production and helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

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The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a measurement of how quickly erythrocytes settle in a blood sample within one hour.

Doctors order clotting studies such as platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, bleeding time, and D-dimer to evaluate an individual’s clotting function. In this section we will discuss the indications and nursing implications of each laboratory test.

Platelets are produced in the bone marrow and play a role in hemostasis. Platelets perform their function in the formation of the hemostatic plug, in the retraction of the clot and in the activation of coagulation factors.

D-Dimer is a blood test that measures clot formation and lysis resulting from fibrin degradation.

Kidney Function Test (kft)

Prothrombin is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein produced by the liver and essential for fibrin clot formation. Each laboratory establishes a normal or control value based on the method used to perform the PT test. PT measures the amount of time it takes in seconds for the clot to form, the international normalized ratio (INR) is calculated from a PT result to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin.

The INR standardizes the PT ratio and is calculated in the laboratory by raising the observed PT ratio to the power of the international sensitivity index specific for the thromboplastin reagent used.

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) evaluates the function of the contact activation pathway and clotting sequence by measuring the amount of time required for recalcified citrated plasma to clot after partial thromboplastin has been added. The test looks for deficiencies and inhibitors of all factors except factors VII and XIII.

The normal laboratory value for white blood cell count has two components: the total white blood cell count and the differential count.

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White blood cells serve as the body’s first line of defense against foreign bodies, tissues, and other substances. The white blood cell count evaluates the total number of white blood cells in one cubic millimeter of blood. The white blood cell differential formula provides specific information about the types of white blood cells:

Electrolytes are minerals involved in some of the important functions of our body. Serum electrolytes are routinely ordered for a patient admitted to the hospital as a screening test for electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. Here we discuss the normal laboratory values ​​of commonly ordered serum tests: potassium, serum sodium, serum chloride, and serum bicarbonate. Serum electrolytes can be ordered as “Chem 7” or as “Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)”.

Sodium is an important extracellular fluid cation that maintains osmotic pressure and acid-base balance and aids in the transmission of nerve impulses. Sodium is absorbed from the small intestine and excreted in the urine in quantities dependent on dietary intake.

Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation that performs important functions such as regulating acid-base balance, controlling cellular water balance and transmitting electrical impulses in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

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Chloride is a salt of hydrochloric acid which is the most abundant body anion in the extracellular fluid. It works to counterbalance cations, such as sodium, and acts as a buffer during the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in red blood cells (RBCs). Helps digestion and maintenance of osmotic pressure and water balance.

Magnesium is used as an index to determine metabolic activity and kidney function. Magnesium is necessary in blood clotting mechanisms, regulates neuromuscular activity, acts as a cofactor that modifies the activity of numerous enzymes and affects calcium metabolism.

Serum osmolality is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the blood. The particles include sodium, glucose and urea ions. Serum osmolality is usually estimated by doubling serum sodium because sodium is a major determinant of serum osmolality.

Phosphorus (phosphate) is important in bone formation, energy storage and release, urinary acid-base buffering, and carbohydrate metabolism. Phosphorus is absorbed from food and excreted by the kidneys. High concentrations of phosphorus are stored in bones and skeletal muscles.

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Calcium (Ca+) is a cation absorbed into the bloodstream from food sources and plays roles in bone formation, transmission of nerve impulses, and contraction of myocardial and skeletal muscles. Calcium helps blood clot by converting prothrombin to thrombin.

In this section we will discuss normal laboratory values ​​of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, including their indications and nursing considerations. These laboratory tests are useful in determining an individual’s kidney function.

Urinalysis (UA), also known as routine microscopy (R&M), is the physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine. It involves a series of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through urine. It has been a useful diagnostic tool since the dawn of medicine. The color, density and odor of urine can reveal a lot about an individual’s health.

The normal color of urine varies from pale yellow to deep amber, depending on the concentration of the urine. The amount and type of waste in your urine makes it lighter or darker. Pigments and other compounds found in some foods and medications can change the color of urine. The blood in the urine colors it; if the amount of blood in the urine is high, the urine will be red. During a flare-up of chronic nephritis, the small number of red blood cells in the urine gives it a smoky appearance.

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Urine normally does not have a very strong odor. When urine stops, decomposition due to bacterial activity gives it an ammonia-like odor. Consuming certain foods, such as beets or asparagus, can impart a distinctive odor to urine. The UTI can also take on a foul-smelling odor. Refrigerate the urine specimen if it is not to be tested immediately.

A urine sample collected at any time of the day. This type of sample is more convenient to obtain.

This type of sample can be used to detect the presence of various substances in the urine at a specific time of the day. Often no special manipulation is required with these samples.

“Clean-catch” mid-stream urine collection is the most common method for obtaining urine samples from adults, particularly men.

Kidney Function Test (kft): Price, Normal Range And Report

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