What Is Climate Change And Its Causes And Effects Pdf – Climate change means climate change over the past 100 years that occurs directly or indirectly due to human activities. Basically, climate change represents changes in long-term weather patterns. Typically, climate change is measured by a shift in temperature, precipitation, wind pattern, or more. The world’s temperature has risen by 0.7°C since the industrial era. The rise in temperature has been linked to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Variation in climate has been a regular feature on Earth. Scientists have collected different evidence on climate change and put forward different theories. They believe that after crossing the global temperature rise threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, there is a high risk of irreversible environmental catastrophes.

What Is Climate Change And Its Causes And Effects Pdf

Over the past 100 years, the Earth’s temperature has risen at an unprecedented rate. 2018 was the hottest year globally. Global warming can occur as a natural result or due to human activity. Below are the most important pieces of evidence for global warming.

Nasa Releases Agency Climate Strategy

Methane – Wetlands are the largest sources of methane emissions. Domestic livestock produce a large amount of methane gas during the digestion process. Agriculture is the main source of methane emissions.

Nitrous oxide – naturally present in the atmosphere. Because it is part of the nitrogen cycle. Fertilizers release a large amount of nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. Transportation fuels also emit nitrous oxide.

Fluorinated Gases – These gases are produced through a variety of industrial processes. For example, the aluminum and semiconductor industry. These gases are of three types as follows

Aerosol – also known as black carbon. They contribute to the warming of the atmosphere. The main sources of black carbon are as follows

The Causes Of Climate Change

India is the world’s fourth largest emitter of greenhouse gases. However, in terms of cumulative emissions, it has done marginal damage. According to the Global Carbon Project, about half of carbon dioxide emissions since 1750 come from Europe and the United States.

In the Paris Agreement (2015), 197 signatory countries promised to limit global temperature rise to just 1.5 degrees Celsius. For example, India has promised to reduce its emissions intensity by 33-35% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels. On the other hand, the United States, the second largest contributor to global emissions, has withdrawn from the same agreement.

According to estimates, 68% of India’s greenhouse gas emissions come from energy production, which remains largely dependent on coal-fired power plants. India’s electricity demand is expected to triple by 2030, with coal sources accounting for 57% of electricity generation.

Excessive fertilizer use is responsible for the single highest share of agriculture’s direct greenhouse emissions. Electricity and fertilizer subsidies encourage farmers to grow water-intensive crops. For example, rice, if their land is not suitable for doing so. For example, Punjab and Haryana. India’s agricultural policies exacerbate water shortages and encourage crop burning or tree stubble burning. India is not doing much to mitigate the effects of climate change when it comes to agriculture. High subsidies also encourage monoculture and distorted land use patterns.

Understanding Climate Change: Causes, Issues And Way Forward

In short, there should be adequate focus on educating people about climate change. Behavioral change among the masses is important to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change. Climate change is real, and the evidence is all around us. While changes in the Earth’s climate are not new, it is clear that recent impacts are having a devastating impact on countless people, places and wildlife. If you want to know what climate change really is and why it matters, keep reading to learn more about its causes, effects, and practical solutions to stop it.

You may have heard the terms climate change and global warming used interchangeably. This is because they both describe changes in the Earth’s climate. While global warming focuses on the rise in the planet’s average temperature, climate change usually refers to shifts in things like precipitation, wind patterns, and temperatures over a given period. Measured changes in climate can last a few years, decades, or even millions of years.

Climate change has been occurring for as long as the Earth has existed. This occurs any time Earth’s climate patterns change and remain in place for a measurable period of time. This has been most notably demonstrated in natural cycles of cooling and warming. Before human causes began to change the global climate, five major factors interacted with each other to bring about climate changes. These five factors include the following: [1]

The American Association for the Advancement of Science has stated that “the scientific evidence is clear: human-induced global climate change is happening now, and it poses an increasing threat to society.” [2]

How Climate Change Affects Health

Greenhouse gases play a vital role in Earth’s climate cycles. When a planet is exposed to sunlight, some energy is absorbed, and the rest of that energy and heat is reflected back into space. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap reflected energy, redirect it back to Earth and ultimately contribute to global warming. Various gases play this role, including: [3]

While some of these greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, occur naturally, others, such as CFCs, are artificial. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere for both natural and man-made causes, and is a major contributor to climate change. Carbon dioxide is increasing at an alarming rate and has the potential to remain in the Earth’s atmosphere for thousands of years unless it is absorbed by oceans, land, trees and other sources. [4] However, as carbon dioxide production has steadily risen, the Earth’s natural resources to absorb it have also diminished. This is already happening in many ways as food resources disappear due to things like deforestation. Some studies even predict that plants and soil will be able to absorb less carbon dioxide as the Earth continues to warm, which could further accelerate climate change. [5]

Solar activity, as mentioned above, plays a role in Earth’s climate. While the Sun goes through natural cycles, increasing and decreasing the amount of energy it emits to Earth, solar activity is unlikely to be a major contributor to global warming or climate change. Since scientists began measuring the energy of the Sun reaching our atmosphere, there has been no measurable upward trend.[6]

There are many important ways in which agriculture affects climate change. From deforestation in places like the Amazon to the transportation and livestock needed to support agricultural efforts around the world, agriculture is responsible for a large portion of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. However, agriculture is also a field that is making huge strides in becoming more sustainable. As productivity increases, less carbon is emitted to produce more food. Agriculture also has the potential to act as a carbon store, and can ultimately absorb roughly the same amount of carbon dioxide that it emits. [7]

Causes & Consequences Of Climate Change: 9 12

Deforestation and climate change often go hand in hand. Not only is climate change increasing deforestation through wildfires and other extreme weather, but deforestation is also a major contributor to global warming. According to the Earth Day Network, deforestation is the second largest contributor to global greenhouse gases. [8] Many people and organizations fighting climate change point to reducing deforestation as one of, if not the most important, issue that must be addressed to slow or prevent climate change. [9]

According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the most significant contributor to climate change in the United States is the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. Among these factors, transportation in the form of cars, trucks, ships, trains and airplanes releases the most carbon dioxide, which accelerates global warming and remains an important cause of climate change. [10]

Although linked to many of the agricultural and deforestation issues we’ve already touched on, livestock in the form of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry play an important role in climate change. According to one study, “Livestock and Climate Change,” livestock worldwide are responsible for 51% of annual global greenhouse gas emissions. [11]

From melting glaciers to more extreme weather patterns, people everywhere are starting to notice the real impacts of climate change. While some countries around the world are taking action through initiatives like the Paris Climate Agreement, others continue with business as usual – pumping millions of tons of carbon into the atmosphere year after year. While the long-term consequences remain unclear, climate change continues to cause extreme weather as well as safety and economic challenges on a global scale.

What We Know About Climate Change

Changes in weather are perhaps the most visible impact of climate change to the average person. One reason for this is the financial impact that extreme weather events can have. So far in the United States in 2019, there have been six climate disasters, most of which cost more than $1 billion. [12] According to the National Climate Assessment, extreme weather events will continue to increase in frequency and intensity as climate change continues to occur. [13] Extreme weather affected by climate change includes:

In 2014, the US Department of Defense issued a report stating that climate change poses a serious and immediate threat to national security. According to former Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, “rising global temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and rising sea levels,

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