What Are The Effects Of Climate Change On Humans – Climate change is already having visible effects on the world. The Earth is warming, precipitation patterns are changing, and sea levels are rising. These changes can increase the risk of heat waves, floods, droughts and fires.

A changing climate affects crop growth and human health, and may require many people to leave their homes. It increases the risk of certain species becoming extinct. The effects of climate change are real and they are already happening.

What Are The Effects Of Climate Change On Humans

The level of climate change we see depends on how quickly we reduce dangerous greenhouse gas emissions. Even if we stop all emissions today, we won’t prevent some changes. However, the sooner we cut emissions, the smaller the changes will be.

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We know that greenhouse gases, aerosol emissions and land use affect our climate. In general, human activities are warming our planet.

Find out more about these and other indicators of climate change on our Global Climate Dashboard and Extreme Dashboard.

In a recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C of global warming. But if we don’t cut emissions fast, the world is likely to exceed 2 degrees Celsius. By the end of this century, warming could reach 4°C, possibly more.

Climate change will increase the risk of various problems around the world. Although developed countries produce most of the greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries are predicted to see the most severe consequences. With fewer resources to adapt to these changes, the impact on people in developing countries is expected to increase.

File:20200118 Global Warming And Climate Change

Average global temperatures have increased by more than 1°C since the 1850s. 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are the hottest years on record. Statistics show us that the Earth has been warming since the Industrial Revolution.

This plot shows global temperature changes from 1850 to 2022 relative to the estimated 1850-1900 baseline average temperature.

A warming planet is leading to many other changes in our climate. Heat waves are likely to increase as the planet warms. In recent years, heat waves have been the deadliest global weather hazard.

Oceans absorb 90% of the extra heat generated by human impact. However, when water is heated, it expands to gain more volume. So when the oceans heat up, they also expand and sea levels rise. We also have extra water flowing into the ocean from melting ice sheets and glaciers. Between 1901 and 2018, global average sea level has risen by about 20 cm.

Effects Of Climate Change

Some parts of the planet, such as the North and South Poles, are warming faster than others. Glaciers and ice sheets at the poles reflect energy from the sun into space. So, when there is less ice, less energy from the sun is reflected. The area then warms more quickly, causing even more ice to melt.

The ice in the Arctic is melting rapidly. It is already 65% ​​thinner than in 1975. Arctic sea ice area in late summer is currently the smallest in at least 1,000 years. If we don’t reduce emissions soon, we could see an ice-free summer in the Arctic by the middle of this century.

When ice sheets and glaciers melt, fresh water flows into the sea. As with sea-level rise, freshwater reduces the salinity (salinity) of water, which can slow or alter ocean currents.

Oceans also absorb about 25% of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the air. Then the oceans become less alkaline, which is called ‘ocean acidification’. Ocean acidification is bad because it can have negative effects on marine life, such as corals and plankton, which are an important part of the food chain.

What Is Climate Change?

** Marvel et al 2019 provides new evidence that droughts have increased in some areas during specific periods since 1900 (aerosols can mask the trend when it is undetectable), and this is linked to climate change.

Precipitation is generally increasing worldwide as warmer air can hold more water. Rainfall is also intensifying in some places. However, due to changing wind patterns, rainfall will decrease in some areas.

We are already experiencing the effects of a changing climate. Rising sea levels are causing problems for people around the world. 4 in 10 people (39%) live within 100km of a coastline and are at risk of flooding if sea levels rise further. Of these people, 600 million live in ‘low-lying coastal zones’, and 200 million live in coastal flood plains.

Even if we reduce emissions, sea levels will continue to rise until the year 2100 (see the Sea Level Dashboard for more on these projections). But, if we reduce emissions enough, we can slow the rate of increase. Many people will have to leave their homes, but the number will change depending on how we act by reducing global emissions and improving flood protection.

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Floods can also occur when heavy rainfall overwhelms drainage systems or breaks banks. In heavily concreted urban areas and cities, the impact is more severe as water cannot sink directly into the soil. Flooding causes severe damage to buildings and transportation, and is very expensive and difficult to restore.

As our climate warms and rainfall patterns change, it may be difficult to grow enough food in some areas. Crops that can be grown in different regions vary in climate. New crops may be grown in some places, but yields will be reduced in many places, especially in warmer countries.

Colder countries are likely to see higher yields because of longer growing seasons and higher carbon dioxide concentrations. However, these effects may not last if warming continues in the long term. More extreme weather events can disrupt access to food, affecting transport from farms to stores, affecting vulnerable people.

As you can see, climate change has many effects, and they affect people around the world in different ways. The degree of influence depends on the climate of the area and the wealth of the country. Climate change impacts are ‘stress multipliers’, meaning they often make existing problems more serious.

Climate Change Impacts

Let’s look at heat waves for example. We expect many areas to experience more intense heat waves. In already hot countries, human heat stress limits will often be exceeded, which is dangerous.

Another example is increased flooding. Countries with regular flooding, such as Bangladesh, are expected to see even more regular flooding, putting more communities at risk.

If our climate continues to change, many parts of the world will become more challenging places to live. People may have to leave their homes. Climate is only one of many factors affecting human migration, but it will play an increasing role in the future.

Climate change is causing warming across the UK. The ten warmest years on record in the UK have all occurred since 2002. Heat waves like the one in the summer of 2018 are now 30 times more likely to occur due to climate change.

Causes And Effects Of Climate Change On Our Surrounding Environment

Winters in the UK are forecast to be generally warm and wet, although there may still be some cold or dry winters. Summers are predicted to be hotter, with more likely to be drier, although wetter summers are also possible. By 2050, heat waves like those seen in 2018 are expected to occur every year.

Heavy rainfall is also more likely. Since 1998, the UK has seen six of the ten wettest years on record. Winter storms increased by at least 40% in 2015 due to climate change.

This tool is a collaboration with the BBC. It uses our climate projections and reports to visualize climate change in the UK.

Even if we cut greenhouse gas emissions, sea levels around the UK will rise beyond 2100. Parts of the UK will be at risk of flooding, with low-lying and coastal towns particularly vulnerable.

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Climate change will also affect UK farming. Warmer weather and higher CO2 levels make it easier to grow some crops, or even allow us to produce new ones. However, when more drought is expected, water may not be as easy to obtain, making it difficult for farmers to plan the growing season. Some of the crops we grow today do not adapt to high temperatures.

Floods, storms and extreme temperatures can damage buildings, disrupt transport and affect health. Buildings and infrastructure must adapt to meet new conditions. Businesses will have to plan around a changing climate. To help the UK understand what climate change means for the nation, the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment is published every 5 years. More information on expected future conditions for the UK is available in UK Climate Projections (UKCP18).

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On people:

Managing The Impacts Of Climate Change On Poverty

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