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The Impact Of Fdi On Economic Growth

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Pdf) The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows On Economic Growth: Evidence From Bangladesh

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By Linh Tu Ho Linh Tu Ho Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, 2 and Christopher Gan Christopher Gan Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, *

Received: 30 January 2021 / Revised: 22 February 2021 / Accepted: 4 March 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021

Solved Answer In The Light Of Attached Literature Review

(This article belongs to the special issue Foreign direct investment – ​​under the banner of profit or sustainable development?)

This article explores the impact of the health pandemic on foreign direct investment (FDI) using the new World Pandemic Uncertainty Index (WPUI). We examine the impact of the pandemic. Including COVID-19 to FDI based on a sample of 142 economies and subsamples (income and regions) from 1996 to 2019. Two-step Generalized Method of Moments Estimation of Linear Dynamic Panel- Data Model. (DPDGMM) was used in this study. The estimation results are accurate with the results of the sequential two-step (two-step) estimation of the linear panel data model (SELPDM) and the two-step general algorithm of moment estimation (BBGMM). The results show that the health pandemic has a negative impact on FDI. Uncertainty caused by the pandemic has a negative impact on net FDI inflows in Asia Pacific and emerging economies.

Uncertainty from health epidemics has had a severe impact on economies around the world. Garrett (2008) discusses the short- and long-term effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic, using evidence from publications from the year 2008. 1918 and research such as Brainerd and Siegler (2003) and Almond (2006), the 1918 pandemic had a negative effect on consumer behavior, savings, long-term human capital, income, and investment ( Garrett 2008) Lee and McKibbin (2004) estimated the global economic costs of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003. The authors’ estimates show that the health and economic costs of SARS in 2003 were Estimated at least $40 billion, Lee and McKibbin (2004) highlight the impact of SARS on patients and changes in human behavior in economic activities. The high costs of the SARS shock were associated with investment losses and spending changes (Lee and McKibbin 2004).

In 2014, the longest and largest outbreak of the Ebola virus occurred in West Africa (UNDG 2015). According to UNDG (2015), the Ebola pandemic resulted in economic and social shocks in 15 countries in West Africa The West African region’s GDP loss of 1.2% due to the Ebola outbreak poses a huge challenge to revitalize affected economies. The majority of people live below the poverty line of US$1.25 per day (UNDG 2015). To control epidemics such as the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), various quarantine measures have been implemented. This includes lockdowns, business closures, and social distancing. to save lives. However, quarantine measures create uncertainty in economic activities. and results in social, economic, financial, and political impacts (Brodeur et al. 2020; Fernandes 2020; Tisdell 2020).

Foreign Direct Investment And Growth In Fragile And Conflict Affected Countries

Prior to 2020, no index had been developed to measure uncertainty caused by the pandemic. The development of uncertainty indices shows rising concern about global uncertainty. For example, Baker and colleagues (2016) launched the first Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Index to measure uncertainty. This is due to changes in economic policies of 12 countries in 2016, followed by 26 countries in 2020. However, the EPU index only covers some countries. (mostly advanced economies) In 2018, Ahir et al developed the World Uncertainty Index (WUI), which measures general economic and political uncertainty for 143 countries, including developed countries. Emerging countries and low-income countries COVID-19 outbreak This started in December 2019, accelerating concerns about uncertainty. This led to the development of a new global pandemic uncertainty index (WPUI) in 2020 (Ahir et al. 2018; WPUI 2020), separating pandemic uncertainty (WPUI) from overall uncertainty. (WUI) helps researchers and policymakers assess the impact of a health pandemic on a particular economy.

This article studies the impact of health pandemic shocks on FDI using the new WPUI index in 142 countries from 1996 to 2019. Estimations are performed for subsamples that vary by region (Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and the Middle East). and Central Asia and Western Hemisphere) and income (advanced economies emerging economies and low-income countries)

This study follows Nguyen et al. (2019) and Avom et al. (2020) studies that make new contributions to the literature. First, to the best of our knowledge, This is the first study to use a new WPUI based on the WUI from Ahir et al. (2018) to investigate the impact of the pandemic on foreign direct investment. The WUI was used in both Nguyen et al. (2019) and Avom et al. (2019) 2020) study, but the authors did not examine the impact of the pandemic on investment. For example, Avom et al. (2020) used the WUI index to examine the impact of economic and political uncertainty on FDI, regardless of the source. The source of the uncertainty in our study Instead it uses the total uncertainty arising from all events. It uses only uncertainty resulting directly from the health pandemic (WPUI) to ascertain the impact on FDI, thus assessing the impact of pandemic uncertainty on FDI inflows separately from overall uncertainty. It provides important policy implications for economic recovery after health pandemics such as COVID-19. Second, we use a larger panel (142 countries from 1996 to 2019) compared to Nguyen et al. (2019) and Avom and colleagues (2020) (21 countries from 2003–2013 and 138 countries from 1996–2018, respectively) Third, this paper uses a new estimation technique. That is, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of the two-step system of the linear dynamic panel data model implemented by Kripfganz (2019, 2020) or the following Dynamic Panel-Data GMM (DPDGMM) solves Concerns concern inaccurate estimates for unbalanced panel data and inaccurate degrees of freedom and p-values ​​of overidentification tests. In the case of omitted coefficients (Kripfganz 2020), our estimation results are robust to the results of the two-step GMM (Blundell and Bond 1998; Roodman 2009) or Blundell and Bond GMM (BBGMM) and sequential estimation. Two steps (two steps) of the linear panel data model (SELPDM) (Kripfganz 2017).

Our findings show that pandemic uncertainty decreased net global FDI inflows from 1996 to 2019. A significant shock caused by pandemic FDI uncertainty is found. in Asia-Pacific countries and emerging economies The results suggest that the behavior of international companies is significantly influenced by pandemic uncertainty. This explains why inward FDI flows to host countries decreased during the pandemic. Particularly in emerging economies in Asia Pacific, the decline in domestic FDI means that host countries may face higher levels of unemployment and economic contraction. Therefore, this study provides important policy implications. Important to economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, beyond immediate responses to the pandemic such as quarantine measures. Emerging countries in Asia and the Pacific should use fiscal and monetary measures to support foreign investors in the long term. Trade agreements and economic blocs will play a key role in reducing the economic impact of the pandemic’s uncertainties. and economic recovery towards sustainable development

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The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews the literature on the impact of uncertainty caused by the health pandemic on foreign direct investment, Section 3 describes the data and research methods, and Section 4 presents and discusses the results. Empirical Section 5 summarizes the study with findings and implications.

The relationship between uncertainty and economic behavior is well documented in the literature. Hassett and Sullivan (2015) review the literature on the impact of policy uncertainty on government and firm behavior. The author focuses on the link between investing and uncertainty. and the role of the EPU index developed by Baker and colleagues (2016) in explaining economic variables such as domestic investment. direct investment from abroad and economic growth Al-Thaqeb and Algharabali (2019) review the literature on the impact of EPU on corporate decision-making and financial markets. In terms of the impact of EPU on FDI, Nguyen and colleagues (2018) find a negative impact of EPU on firm performance. This explains why companies therefore invest more in countries with

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