The Impact Of Climate Change On Food Security – IPCC 5th Assessment 2014 Food Chapter ​ IPCC 5th Assessment 2014 Based on many studies covering a wide range of regions and crops, negative impacts of climate change on crop yields have been more common than positive impacts (high confidence) WG2 SPM. Without (effective) adaptation, local (/global is the same for 1.0C) ​temperature rise above ca. 1°C above pre-industrial levels will have negative effects on yields for major crops (wheat, rice and maize) in both tropical and temperate regions (IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch7 Exec Summary p.3 With or without adaptation will be negative average crop impacts likely from 2030 with median crop impacts of 0 to –2% per decade projected for the rest of the century and increasing risk of more severe impacts after 2050. ​IPCC AR5 WG2 Table 7-3 September 2014 Scientists on drought: Scientists warn of ‘mega-droughts’ Nature March 2014 Climate change will reduce crops sooner than we thought National Geographic20 Feb 2014 British Floods, California Drought: A Connection? Tidal currents – and perhaps climate change – are behind recent extreme weather. weather events. In particular since 2000 these have affected the world’s best food producing regions in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The evidence is equivalent to causality from the Potsdam Climate Institute 2013 paper Amplification of Planetary Waves and Recent Northern Hemisphere Weather Extremes ‘​… Amplification of Planetary Waves and Recent Northern Hemisphere Weather Extremes’ at climate action NH at work. We are already committed to the systemic inertia of global warming above 2.5C and the current mid-century global economy. Increasing global drought (especially in the northern hemisphere) has led to a global water crisis, causing global grain supplies to decline and global food prices to become volatile. This in turn is causing a markedly increasing global food crisis which is a global emergency (Center for Climate & Security Jan 2013) Evidence suggests that global droughts have been increasing driven by global temperature increases as expected. Since 2000, the record shows a remarkable increase in heat and drought in the Northern Hemisphere. Today (Dec 2012) drought is forecast to persist in the central US (high corn belt) into April 2013 for three years. due to drought. 21 August 2012 – “More concerted efforts are needed to combat the threat of climate change and its impact on global food security amid intensifying global droughts and rising temperatures around the world,” the United Nations declared today. ​With droughts increasing around the world, the UN is calling for an integrated climate policy. ​”Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency, intensity, and duration of droughts. One-quarter of the United States experienced an unusual drought while the entire country faced its longest 12-month drought since 1895.” India is “similarly experiencing a very severe drought with national rainfall 17 percent below normal. In Punjab, India’s breadbasket, rainfall was 70 percent below normal.” According to the WMO, severe drought also developed in parts of East Africa in late 2010 and continued through most of 2011, with the most affected areas covering the semi-arid regions east and north of Kenya, western Somalia and the southern border with Ethiopia. In 2009, international climate experts meeting at the International Workshop on Drought and High Temperatures in Beijing published their climate projections for the 21st century, predicting an increase in the frequency of severe droughts in the continental United States and Mexico, the Mediterranean region, parts of northern China, across southern Africa and Australia, and in part of South America.” The world’s best food producing regions are in the Northern Hemisphere (NH)

23 Jan 2017 Key Assessment FAO-IPCC EXPERT MEETING ON CLIMATE CHANGE, LAND USE AND FOOD SECURITY Projected Productivity Changes and Extreme Events 1.1.1 Crops In terms of global temperature and crop response processes for crops such as wheat and maize, . is that 1 or 2 ºC of warming is no longer expected to increase yields in temperate regions,

The Impact Of Climate Change On Food Security

8 March 2021. Food systems account for a third of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions UN, FAO, Nature Journal

Climate’s Impact On Nutrition: What You Need To Know

April 8, 2021, Study calls for urgent action on climate change to secure global food supply.

Extreme weather is increasing and harms the population and crops the most. March 2023, M. Heino Increasing likelihood of extremes in hot and dry weather during the growing season threatens crops globally.Climate change refers to long-term fluctuations in temperature and weather patterns. Changes in the circadian rhythm are generally responsible for such fluctuations. But since the 1800s, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and coal have been the driving force behind such changes. (1)

When fossil fuels are burned, they cause combustion that increases heat and light, leading to an increase in Earth’s temperature, also known as the greenhouse effect. For example: Deforestation is one of the main reasons for increased carbon dioxide emissions, landfills are the main source of methane emissions, and if we look around us, waste production has increased tremendously over the years. Also, industrialization, fuel-based transportation and rampant construction are another major factor in increasing greenhouse gas emissions.

Greenhouse gas concentrations are at their highest level in 2 million years. Emissions continue to rise. As a result, the Earth is currently 1.1 degrees Celsius warmer than it was in the late 1800s. The last decade (2011-2020) has been the warmest on record.

Climate Change And Food Security: Impact And Our Future

It is understood that climate change mainly results in higher temperatures. However, the temperature is only the beginning of the story. Where everything is interconnected in the ecosystem. Thus, changes in one aspect will equally affect others. Studies have shown that if the global average surface temperature rises between 1.5-2 degrees, the world’s wealthiest countries will experience fewer changes in local climate as well as crops due to well-built information systems while low income or less developed. countries will suffer more in terms of food security and food security due to climate change and less resilient crop infrastructure.

The recently released ‘Vulnerability Report’ by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, ICAR reveals that out of 573 rural districts (excluding Andaman and Nicobar Islands), 109 districts are high risk and 201 districts are vulnerable. Based on the current state of climate change in India, integrated modeling studies indicated that by 2049, the average temperature of these districts will increase by at least 1.3 degrees. For a tropical country like India, the rise in temperature can affect various crops affecting the production and consumption patterns of food throughout the year.

Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide on one hand is good for the growth of crops, but on the contrary, the release of carbon dioxide leads to frequent climate fluctuations such as extreme heat, bad weather and drought, which are a major threat to demand crops such as wheat and corn. (2)

According to some estimates, if successful adaptation is not achieved, the world could drop as much as 30% by 2050.

The Big Impact Of Climate Change On India’s Food Security 2022

Countries already struggling with violence, pollution, deforestation and other problems are likely to bear the brunt of these consequences. The 2 billion people who already lack adequate food, especially small farmers and other people living in poverty, will be hit the hardest. Despite decades of global commitment, hunger and food insecurity continue at an alarming rate.

According to the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report, approximately 750 million people experienced severe food insecurity in 2019.

Malnutrition or food insecurity is increasing, with climate shocks playing an important role. Climate change will increase food prices, reduce food availability and contribute to instability and conflict due to competition for water and arable land unless immediate action is taken.

According to a recent report by the Children’s Climate Risk Index (CCRI) “Climate crisis is a children’s crisis”. It is estimated that around 850 million children 1-3 worldwide live in areas where environmental and climate shocks overlap. Children will suffer more than adults and require more food and water per unit of body weight and have less resilience to withstand extreme and harsh weather events. Children are also more sensitive to toxic substances, temperature changes and diseases. (3)

Could Climate Change Prove Malthus Right?

Over the last three decades, India has witnessed a rise in average temperatures and an increase in the frequency of heavy rainfall. According to the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture assessment, rainfed rice yields in India are projected to decline slightly by <2.5% between 2050-2080, irrigated rice yields by 7%. Furthermore, it is predicted that wheat yields will decrease by 6-25% by 2100 and maize yields by 18-23%. It is predicted that future climate change may benefit chickpea production by 54%. These numbers clearly indicate the need for countermeasures for food and

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