Role Of Testosterone In Male Reproductive System – Hormones play an important role in the male reproductive system. They are responsible for men’s sex drive and affect their fertility as well. Unlike women, who have cyclical hormone releases and fluctuations with the menstrual cycle, men’s hormones tend to remain constant since the onset of puberty and well into their reproductive years.

The most important hormones related to the male reproductive system are listed below and from where they are secreted and produced.

Role Of Testosterone In Male Reproductive System

Hypothalamic-pituitary Gonadal Axis (HPG) refers to the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal glands and it plays an important role in the development and regulation of various body systems, such as the reproductive system and the immune system. Any fluctuation in this axis causes changes in the hormones produced by each gland and it causes local and systemic effects in the body.

Female Reproductive System: Structure & Function

Perhaps the most popular of the hormones in the male reproductive system is testosterone. About 95% of testosterone is produced by the Leydig (interstitial) cells of the testes and the rest is produced by the adrenal glands. Among FSH, LH and Testosterone, Testosterone is the most important hormone that plays an important role in normal growth and development which includes the development of the body, facial hair, the function of the larynx which leads to voice changes. After adulthood, the enlargement of the genitals and secondary sexual characteristics in men.

Testosterone combines with FSH to stimulate the production of sperm in men and regulate the flow of the same during sex. On average, it is present in relatively stable concentrations in men of reproductive age who are healthy and sexually active. The average testosterone concentration in adult men ranges from 270 to 1070 ng/dL with an average of 670 ng/dL. Additionally, levels peak during adulthood in the 20s and remain constant throughout reproductive life. Testosterone declines 1% to 2% per year after age 40.

When testosterone levels are low, symptoms in men include decreased muscle and bone strength, loss of energy, low fertility, decreased sex drive, poor erection, low sperm count and low fertility.

Another important point to note here is that Testosterone is free and total, the former is not bound to proteins such as Albumin and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) while the latter is bound to them.

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Testosterone is also known for hormone replacement therapy that fertility experts recommend to older people eager to restore their vitality and sex life due to the loss of sagging. However, sometimes experts warn about the side effects of hormone replacement in terms of the risk of prostate cancer and other diseases.

Testosterone controls numerous functions including sperm production in men such as sex, bone mass, fat distribution, muscle size and strength, red blood cell production.

In this article, we have introduced various hormones in the male reproductive system and explored the role of testosterone. We will discuss the role of other hormones in upcoming blogs.

If you want to get your hormone levels analyzed, please make an appointment or fill out the inquiry form or call us at +91 94437 93934 for more information by Blanca Paraíso M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc. (Gynecologist), Cristina Mestre Ferrer B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist), Zaira Salvador B.Sc., M.Sc. (embryologist) and Romina Packan (staff).

Male Hormone Analysis: What Should The Normal Hormone Levels Be?

Testosterone is a male hormone that is involved in the development of the genitals and the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in men.

It is an anabolic steroid produced mostly by the testicles, although a small amount is also released by the adrenal glands.

Testosterone is an excellent androgenic hormone, but does not occur exclusively in men. Women’s ovaries and adrenal glands also produce less testosterone and are associated with increased libido.

Provided below is an index with 9 points that we will expand on in this article.

The Male Reproductive System

Testosterone is a steroid hormone because it comes from cholesterol. Specifically, testosterone is part of a group of hormones called

Other hormones in the androgen group are dehydroepiandrosterone sufato (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, DHEAS, DHEA and androstenedione are actually hormone precursors, as they need to be converted to testosterone and DHT to show their effects.

Another type of steroid hormone is estrogens. Traditionally estrogens are known as female hormones and androgens are known as male hormones, but both types are present in both women and men.

And is completely controlled by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland of the brain through the hormone LH.

Male Reproduction Testosterone: Male Sex Hormone

Once released into the bloodstream, testosterone travels through the bloodstream bound to other proteins: sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and albumin. Because of this binding, the function of testosterone is inhibited because it cannot bind to its receptor.

On the other hand, a small amount of testosterone remains in the blood and is active to perform its function.

Bioavailable Testosterone is the sum of free testosterone and testosterone bound to albumin, as this protein has a low affinity for testosterone and therefore can release it quickly.

In the case of women, testosterone is produced by the testicle cells of the ovaries and adrenal glands.

Question Video: Describing Where The Majority Of Sex Hormones Are Produced In Males

Testosterone appears in the first week of embryonic development and is responsible for the virilization of the male fetus.

This hormone plays a very important role in the development of the male reproductive system and in the development of his second sexual characteristics.

On the other hand, Testosterone also interferes with the sexuality of men and women, is very important for bone health, has anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties and also has a favorable effect on blood vessels.

In the following section we will discuss in more detail the functions of testosterone for both sexes.

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Testicular Reproductive System

In addition to the fetal period, testosterone becomes especially important in men after puberty. From the age of 11-13, testosterone production begins to increase in children and is maintained throughout life.

In the case of women, they also produce testosterone and other androgens that are important in maintaining ovarian function, bone metabolism, cognitive function, and sexual function.

As far as female fertility is concerned, the role of androgens is unclear, although it is necessary to maintain adequate levels for proper ovarian function.

Androgens play a fundamental role in follicular development, so high levels can lead to excessive growth with the formation of abnormal antral follicles, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Conversely, too low levels of androgens are associated with low ovarian response and ovarian insufficiency.

Endocrine And Reproductive Systems

In addition, androgens have been shown to increase the level of receptors for the hormone FSH in the follicles, which are responsible for stimulating follicular growth.

Hormone analysis is one of the basic diagnostic tests for studying fertility in both men and women. One of the hormones that is measured is testosterone, as it can provide information on the causes of infertility, decreased sexual desire, irregular menstrual cycles, testicular tumors, etc.

Adult men produce about 20 times more testosterone than adult women. Specifically, these are testosterone values ​​that are considered normal:

Men who show those symptoms are advised to make an appointment with a specialist to conduct a hormone test and evaluate their case.

Male Reproductive System (human Anatomy): Picture, Functions, Diseases, And Treatments

If after several tests, the doctor finds that the level of testosterone is low and the clinical manifestations cannot be attributed to other causes, testosterone therapy may be used.

The doctor responsible for the treatment will choose the method of administration of testosterone according to the specific deficit and the characteristics of the man or woman.

Artificial testosterone therapy can have side effects, so medical monitoring and dose control are very important. The most common side effects are breast enlargement, water retention, and prostate enlargement.

The latter is the most important risk, so doctors often perform a specific prostate analysis before treatment to ensure that there are no tumors in the area, reducing the possibility of cancer arising after abnormal prostate growth.

Female Reproductive System

50% of testosterone in a woman’s body comes from the conversion of other androgens, while the other 50% is produced directly in the ovaries and adrenal glands in equal parts.

Specifically, women produce between 0.1 and 0.4 mg of testosterone daily, while men produce between 5 and 7 mg daily.

99% of a woman’s testosterone is bound to a protein called sex hormone globulin (SHBG), which does not allow it to work. Therefore, only 1% of Testosterone will be in free form and may affect the body.

As menopause approaches, androgen levels decrease. However, the ovaries of postmenopausal women will continue to produce testosterone.

Male Reproductive System: Diagram, Parts & Function

In addition to menopause, other situations that may reduce androgen concentration include anorexia nervosa, birth control pills (due to increased SHBG concentration), HIV, bilateral oophorectomy (surgery of both ovaries), and endocrine pathologies such as adrenal failure. Glands or hypopituitarism.

On the other hand, there are situations where high levels of androgens are observed, e.g

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