Harmful Effects Of Glass On The Environment – It is designed to explain the practical results of glass-based processes. It takes you through the cradle to grave lifecycle of glass, looking closely at the social, environmental and health impacts of these processes.

Start by looking at natural resources for glass production. Then go to glass making and its use. After disposing of glass scraps. Consider the social, environmental and health aspects of each process in my report. Finally, talk about the importance of environmental management in the life of the glass and discuss how to solve the problems.

Harmful Effects Of Glass On The Environment

Nature: The mechanics and chemistry of quartz-bearing ناري igneous & المتحولة metamorphic rocks Dissolution: The solid minerals are not stable enough to break down and become silica sand.

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It is found under thin layers of overburden and soil as unconsolidated deposits. Most famous location in the U.S.: NE of Hudson Bay town on the Red Deer River

There is a huge amount of silica sand in the world. Its translation is limited by the requirements of the national declaration for some uses in the environmental limits.

History: Glassmaking and metallurgical processes thousands of years ago BC Highlights of the ceramics, foundry & glass industrial revolution today: glassmaking, box casting, ceramics, filtration, industrial applications , fun (like a golf course), filter many products. , plastics, manufacturing of chemicals, metals & refractory, such as additives in horticultural & agricultural products & standardization in oil production.

Every community relies on it for different reasons.

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Removal of large debris (tops and plants) by bulldozers & scrapers Wet separation by washing sand, go to screens to remove roots and other organisms. materials and the rest of the clay are returned to the excavated pits

The dissolution of the rock in the sodium deposits is carried by the water as a flow and collects in the basins.

Combined as sodium –rich waters (brines) / large beds of trona infused with sodium minerals Major soda ash deposits: US, Mexico, Canada, Kenya, Botswana, Uganda, Peru, Germany, India , Egypt, S. Africa & Turkey World’s Largest Trona Deposit: Wyoming’s Green River Basin Estimated 47 Billion Tons of Coal Ash

History: Early Egypt: made glass and soap Early Rome: made glass, bread and herbs (medicine) to cure choric and itchy skin.

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Major U.S. Consumers: Glass Manufacturing Refinery Refinery Oil Refinery Metallurgical Refinery Removal of Sulfur from Smoke Emissions (3%) Donors (5%) Metal Refining Glass Manufacturing ( 49%) Chemical processing (27%) Mineral processing in Pulp & Paper mining. Production of Sodium compounds Soap & detergents production (11%) Water treatment (2%) Textile production

21 Mining of Soda Ash Almahajr Mining of trona bed containing sodium Can be done through Solvary process using salt, ammonia and limestone.

26 Lime Formation Marine organisms dissolve CO2 and extract calcium from the ocean into calcium carbonate that is buried beneath the ocean floor after death.

Historical Uses: The ancient Egyptian culture used lime to make plaster and mortar. Today: Mainly used for: glass making, pulp and paper industry and steel mills. and business uses

Stained Glass — Design Life Cycle

Initial process The limestone is crushed on a trona bed Then it is transported to cut the plants by cars / trucks Perform the Calcination process: the limestone or salt (Ca3CO2) is heated in the kiln up to 900 degrees celsius CO2 is released during this process and calcium oxide (lime) is produced. . The blocks are ready to be cut into blocks.

Location of collar sites: mostly in developing/underdeveloped countries near poor communities Social & environmental impacts

Fig. 8 Waste can continue to accumulate in large quantities in the extracted areas, causing environmental pollution and damage.

Water Pollution: Blasting and mining during the process generate wastes that easily enter water as runoff In waste disposal operations, systems move waste into rivers and streams.

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Soil Disruption: Soil loosening causes the soil to dissolve and water to enter the soil through percolation. important for plant growth, e.g. The lack of magnesium for plants in the soil will result in disease

Groundwater Contamination for Nearby Communities: Runoff from collection sites contaminates water and can be transported to nearby communities Drinking water and agricultural resources are contaminated with disease. : Communities acquire diseases through consumption of contaminated water / fish New diseases can be introduced into communities through mine. workers from remote communities

Food, fuel and glass communities: These industries are affected by environmental pollution e.g. Water and soil Agricultural communities: When water is polluted for irrigation, sources of water for irrigation are lost Crops and plants die and livestock may get disease Community and including villages.

Neighboring communities cannot rely on their land for production for export and economic needs e.g. The case of limestone mining in Uttaranchal Contamination site demands major remediation May require communities living around evacuation sites to pay for remediation Taxpayers may have to pay for part of the rehabilitation program of the affected areas.

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The development of railway systems, the construction of roads and the expansion of the transport industry Allow natural resources to transport plants further from the sites than in the past Proximity: cars or trains Farthest places: ship Benefits: Helps to develop transportation in an area Side effects on the environment and communities are insignificant

37 After discussing the results of the leather process for the production of glass, we will talk about the process of glass making in the historical development.

The first bottling machine was invented in 1905. Today, most glass bottles are made by industrial machines in large, automated factories & controlled by better and better computers. the better.

The historical way: heating and burning glass products by hand required high skills and more time, so the use of glass is considered a beauty in our world. old

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Silica sand, limestone, soda ash and cullet (recycled glass or broken glass) are dried and cooled in the mixing plant in silos or containers. in soft or melted form Fig.12

Molding — molten glass flows into a mold to mold into desired shapes. safe to handle. The glass products are decorated, inspected and sealed and sent to our customers. glass fireplace cooling system

Workers: Dangerous & dangerous to workers if the glass breaks while exposed to heat or corrosion, which can result in serious injuries. injuries

The raw materials used to make glass are melted in furnaces that produce large amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide. pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen Greenhouse effect: greenhouse gases are released from plants. increase the global temperature and can cause acid rain

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Hot water is released during the glass process which increases the temperature of the water and dissolves the oxygen in the water which changes the habitat of the water and threatens the aquatic life.

Released by the glass factory can result in serious health consequences E.g. respiratory or lung diseases Economic Impact on fishing and recreational industries due to changes in marine habitat

The History of Glass How important was the use of glass to society? Global sales and use of glass The effects of glass products

People have been using glass since 5000 BC Ancient Egypt: the first use of glass was for the king and priest as an ornament.

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· Containers (pots and bottles) ·  Flat glass (windows, car mirrors, mirrors, etc.) ·  Lighting glass (fluorescent tubes, light bulbs, and etc. tools (test tubes, flasks, measuring cups, etc.) ·  TV tubes and screens ·  Decorations

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