Will Kidney Stones Cause Blood In Urine – Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine. It is defined by the identification of three or more red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field (HPF), in a urine sample. The red blood cells in urine can come from the kidneys or from any other part of the urinary tract, which is made up of the ureters, bladder, prostate (in males at birth), and urethra.

The term hematuria comes from the Greek words “hema-,” which refers to blood, and “-uria,” which refers to urine. Blood in the urine may be visible to the naked eye (i.e. gross hematuria) or may be detected under a microscope (i.e. microscopic hematuria). Asymptomatic or symptomatic hematuria can be associated with many different medical conditions and should be investigated when detected.

Will Kidney Stones Cause Blood In Urine

Hematuria typically occurs due to disorders of the urogenital system, however, systemic conditions may also present with blood in the urine.

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Most commonly, the observation of blood in the urine indicates a bladder infection (i.e. cystitis) or kidney infection (i.e. pyelonephritis). Trauma to the urinary tract, ranging from kidney stones to accidents, such as improper insertion of the Foley catheter or a fall that bruises the kidney, can also cause hematuria. Hematuria is also often associated with nephritic syndrome, which can result from glomerulonephritis, an inflammatory condition that damages the part of the kidney that filters blood (i.e., the glomeruli). Additionally, polycystic kidney disease, an inherited disorder in which cysts develop on the kidney, can also cause hematuria. Neoplasms, such as renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer, can also cause hematuria.

Some systemic conditions can also cause hematuria, including Alport syndrome, a condition that affects the tiny vessels of the kidneys; Goodpasture syndrome, an autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys; and lupus nephritis, characterized by inflammation of the kidney triggered by lupus. These conditions can lead to nephritic syndrome, which typically presents as hematuria. Individuals with bleeding diathesis, such as those using anticoagulants or thrombocytopenic individuals, may also experience blood in their urine. Individuals with sickle cell anemia, a genetic condition in which red blood cells are abnormally shaped, also often suffer from hematuria.

When the presence of blood in the urine is unrelated to the urinary system, it may be related to a variety of conditions, including an enlarged prostate (i.e., benign prostatic hyperplasia); endometriosis (i.e., ectopic endometrial tissue) in the ureter, urethra, kidneys, or bladder; vigorous exercise; Menses; or even recent sexual activity. Finally, some foods (e.g. beets) and medications (e.g. rifampicin) can change the color of an individual’s urine which can be confused with hematuria.

To diagnose hematuria a healthcare provider usually begins by evaluating an individual’s symptoms, past medical history, and current medications. Individuals with gross hematuria may have pink, red, or brown urine. In most cases, people with gross hematuria are asymptomatic or may have mild symptoms, such as pain when urinating or urinary urgency. Hematuria that presents with blood clots in the urine can sometimes be accompanied by bladder or back pain. A physical examination should always be performed to evaluate tenderness and pain of the lower abdomen, pelvic region, and hips (i.e., costovertebral angle tenderness).

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Further tests are usually needed to determine the underlying cause of hematuria. Urinalysis is the initial and most useful test to perform. The presence of three or more red blood cells per HPF on urinalysis is characteristic of microscopic hematuria. Alternatively, a urinalysis can be performed, however, it is not as diagnostic and gives many false positive or false negative results. The appearance of the urine, pH, presence of proteins, white blood cells (WBC), nitrites, crystals and casts can also help in the diagnostic process. For example, a urine specimen with significant white blood cells and positive nitrite suggests a urinary tract infection (UTI) with a Gram-negative organism as a likely cause of hematuria. Likewise, identification of excess protein with hematuria aids in the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. Additional urine microscopy may be performed to examine urinary sediments for red blood cell morphology and red blood cell casts. Microscopy is the most significant test capable of distinguishing between glomerular and non-glomerular bleeding. Dysmorphic RBCs and RBC casts, when identified, are diagnostic of glomerular disease.

Initial ultrasound of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder may also be performed in individuals with hematuria to assist in the diagnosis of anatomic causes of hematuria, such as a kidney stone or other mass. It can also be used to detect kidney cysts. Abdominopelvic CT, with or without contrast, is the preferred modality for detecting kidney stones and other morphologic abnormalities of the kidneys. An abdominal and pelvic MRI are other helpful modalities if a CT scan is contraindicated or not helpful.

Cystoscopy can also be used to detect carcinomas and inflammation. It can also be used therapeutically by removing stones left in the bladder. Finally, to diagnose a glomerular cause of hematuria, a renal biopsy is usually necessary.

Treatment for hematuria depends on the underlying cause. In asymptomatic individuals, with rare episodes of hematuria, negative imaging, stable renal function and absence of proteinuria, observation may be a sufficient therapeutic approach.

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For symptomatic cases and those with clear underlying causes, specific treatments will be needed to resolve the underlying condition. These treatments may include antibiotics, immunosuppressive therapies, symptom management, and, in some cases, surgery.

Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine and can be classified as microscopic or macroscopic. Hematuria typically occurs following pathologies of the urogenital system, such as urinary tract infections, stones, trauma and malignancies. However, systemic conditions, such as Alport and Goodpasture syndrome, can also present with blood in the urine. Diagnosis is based on medical history and clinical presentation, but additional tests, such as urinalysis, urine microscopy, ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys, CT scan, and renal biopsy, may be performed to confirm the diagnosis . Treatment depends on the underlying cause.

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O’Leary, M. P., Glassock, R. J., & Lam, A. Q. (2020, December 9). Patient Education: Blood in the Urine (Hematuria) in Adults (Beyond the Basics). In UpToDate. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/blood-in-the-urine-hematuria-in-adults-beyond-the-basics.

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Saleem, M. O, & Hamawy, K. (2021, August 11). Hematuria. In StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved November 1, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534213/

US Department of Health and Human Services. (2016, July). Hematuria (blood in the urine). At the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved November 1, 2021, from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/hematuria-blood-urineDid you know that about one in 10 people will have kidney stones at some point in their lives? ? Kidney stones, also known as nephrolithiasis, kidney stones or urolithiasis, are hard deposits of salts and minerals that can form inside the kidneys. You can avoid developing kidney stones by always drinking plenty of water, which naturally cleanses the body.

Stones can be irregularly shaped, solid masses or crystals of various sizes. Sometimes a kidney stone is so small that you don’t even realize you have it, while other times even a small crystal can cause excruciating pain due to its consistency.

Let’s talk about everything you need to know about kidney stones and where you can go in Greater Boston and Southeastern Massachusetts for expert kidney stone treatment.

Kidney Stones 101: Everything You Need To Know

There are several main types of kidney stones. Knowing the type of your stones can help you determine the cause and reduce your risk of getting more of them in the future.

Kidney stones do not have a single cause. Rather, they can occur when there are more substances in the urine that form crystals or stones (such as calcium, oxalates, uric acid, phosphates, etc.) and less liquid in which to dilute these substances. The substances that form the stone can become highly concentrated and then crystallize.

You won’t experience any symptoms of kidney stones until the stones begin to move from the kidney and pass into one of the ureters (the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder).

A kidney stone stuck in the ureter blocks the flow of urine, causing spasms of the ureter and swelling of the kidneys. This can cause symptoms such as:

Blood In Urine

When you visit a nephrologist with kidney stone symptoms, the doctor will run some tests and check some signs to give you a firm diagnosis. The most common diagnostic tests your doctor will order include:

If you think you may have kidney stones, get a medical evaluation here at Associates in Nephrology. Our team of highly trained nephrology specialists scan efficiently and accurately to diagnose, treat and explain how to prevent kidney disease, including kidney stones. After a thorough evaluation and diagnosis of your problem, our nephrologists will offer several treatment options so you can make an informed decision about your health.

If you have any questions or would like to make an appointment, call us today at our location closest to you or fill out our online contact form now. We can’t wait to hear from you! Symptoms of kidney stones sometimes go unnoticed and may not even be detected. Even small stones can pass through

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