White Blood Cells And Protein In Urine But No Infection – Leukocytes are white blood cells that are vital for immune system defense. Leukocytes in urine may indicate an infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.

The presence of leukocytes in the urine may be a sign of an infection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is often responsible for increased levels of leukocytes in the urine.

White Blood Cells And Protein In Urine But No Infection

This article will explain what it means to have an excess of white blood cells in the urine and how to treat a urinary tract infection.

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An unusually high number of leukocytes in the urine indicates inflammation or infection along the urinary tract, usually in the bladder or kidney.

These will be seen in a urine test. During pregnancy, women are tested for urinary tract infection during their first prenatal visit, and they may need testing at other times during their pregnancy as well. Other people may need testing depending on their health, symptoms, or history of recurring infections.

The doctor may perform a dipstick test, in which a chemical strip detects an enzyme called leukocyte esterase, which indicates the presence of white blood cells typically associated with an infection. The dipstick test also highlights nitrites, which are waste products from the breakdown of certain bacteria.

The presence of nitrite in urine is highly specific for some bacterial infections. Nitrite does not occur in all types of bacteria.

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The absence of leukocyte esterase in the urine means that the urine probably does not contain white blood cells and is therefore less likely to carry infectious agents.

The doctor or laboratory technician may also perform a urine culture. This involves testing bacterial growth in the urine to determine the cause of the infection.

If the leukocyte esterase test is positive but no nitrite is found, infection may still be present.

The test is specific for certain bacterial enzymes; This means it can detect certain bacterial infections more precisely. However, it is not very sensitive, which means the test cannot detect all bacterial infections.

Composition Of Blood

The presence of nitrite-free leukocytes in the urine may also lead to false-positive results indicating a bacterial infection when there is no bacterial infection. The pathologist or technician will perform further tests to confirm the presence of infection.

This is especially true when there are other causes of inflammation in the urinary tract. Sometimes, during the sample collection process, leukocytes from the genital tract may pass into the urine.

To avoid a false positive result, people should clean the area around the urethral opening before giving the sample, using cleansing wipes and holding their labia or foreskin aside.

Take a sample halfway through urination. The first urine stream can be contaminated by skin bacteria, so sampling this way also reduces the risk of misleading results.

What Causes Protein In Urine During Pregnancy?

Phagocytes are produced in the bone marrow. Their job is to swallow foreign particles such as bacteria or parasites. This means surrounding, absorbing and destroying a particle.

Lymphocytes are white blood cells that recognize foreign particles based on previous encounters. They contribute to “adaptive” immunity, the complex ability of the immune system to remember an infection and produce specific and effective responses to it.

Lymphocytes produce antibodies. These bind to foreign particles and allow the immune system to remember them later in case the same infection occurs.

A doctor often performs a urinalysis to check for leukocytes during pregnancy. This is the same test that confirms a bladder or kidney infection.

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This also checks for some pregnancy-related conditions. One of these is preeclampsia, or high blood pressure during pregnancy. Protein in the urine and high blood pressure measurement may indicate preeclampsia.

UTIs are common during pregnancy, and doctors often find leukocytes in the urine, indicating the presence of an infection. However, some pregnant women may experience bacterial infection in their urine without causing any symptoms.

Most UTIs cause manageable infections that the individual can treat with antibiotics. The doctor may prescribe a number of different antibiotics, but will only prescribe certain antibiotics to women during pregnancy.

More severe or serious infections with complications, such as abscesses, kidney involvement, or infections that occur during pregnancy, may require more intensive treatment, including hospitalization.

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Once the bacteria is identified, the doctor may need to change the course of antibiotic medications. Some bacteria can only be treated with certain antibiotics. Hyaline casts are the simplest and most common type of urine cast. Urinary casts are microscopic clusters of urine particles, such as cells, fat bodies, or microorganisms, that are wrapped in a protein matrix and found in the urine. Urine casts serve as clinical indicators of kidney status and can be evaluated to determine the functioning of the kidneys.

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal region on either side of the lower spine. They consist of millions of filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus (a ball-shaped network of blood vessels involved in urine formation) and renal tubules (a set of tubules that reabsorb and change the composition of urine according to the body’s needs).

Cast formation occurs in the final part of the renal tubules, which consists of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. It occurs as a result of the precipitation of the Tamm-Horsfall protein (also known as uromodulin) secreted by epithelial tubule cells. Aggregation of Tamm-Horsfall protein into a protein matrix may then attract the adhesion of other tubular particles (e.g. cells, bile, hemoglobin, albumin, immunoglobulins). Once urinary cylinders develop, they can exit the tubular lumen and pass through the urinary tract before being excreted in the urine.

Depending on composition, urine casts can be classified as cellular casts and non-cellular casts. Examples of cellular patterns include renal tubular epithelial casts, red blood cell (RBC) casts, and white blood cell (WBC) casts. Examples of noncellular casts include hyaline casts, granular casts, fatty casts, and waxy casts.

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Hyaline casts are thought to be a nonspecific finding; They can be found in both healthy individuals and individuals with pathological conditions. The presence of hyaline casts typically indicates decreased or slowed urine flow; This condition may be a result of strenuous exercise, diuretic medications, severe vomiting, or fever. Large amounts of hyaline casts along with other clinical findings may indicate kidney damage due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Hyaline casts are not generally considered a dangerous finding. Unlike hyaline casts, other types of urine casts are often associated with kidney disease. For example, epithelial cell debris reflects severe damage and death of tubule cells, also known as tubular necrosis. In most cases, red blood cell debris reflects damage to the glomerulus, known as glomerulonephritis, or the presence of a microscopic hemorrhage within the kidney. White blood cell rashes are typically associated with an underlying kidney infection (such as pyelonephritis) or inflammatory processes. Finally, fat casts are typically detected in individuals with nephrotic syndrome; This condition causes proteinuria (excess protein in the urine), tissue swelling, low blood protein levels, and increased blood cholesterol levels.

Normally, the presence of cylinders in the urine is considered an unusual finding. However, small amounts of hyaline debris (between 0-2 pulses per low-power field of the microscope) can be detected in the urine of healthy individuals; This may not indicate a serious condition such as kidney disease. In fact, hyaline casts are the only casts that should be detected in urine in the absence of renal or renal disease.

Hyaline casts consist solely of Tamm-Horsfall protein accumulated in the tubular lumen of the kidney. Precipitation of Tamm-Horsfall protein increases when urine is acidic, its flow is reduced or slowed, or it is very concentrated. As a result, it is possible to detect a greater amount of hyaline rash after strenuous exercise, during treatment with certain types of diuretic medications, or in people with severe vomiting or fever (indicative of dehydration). In addition, hyaline cylinders may occur alone or with other types of cylinders in certain pathological conditions, including acute kidney injury.

Nitrites In Urine: Causes And Tests

Hyaline casts can be diagnosed by urine sediment microscopy performed as part of a urinalysis (i.e., urinalysis). This test is performed by centrifuging the urine sample so that suspended particles in the urine (e.g., casts, cells, pathogenic microorganisms), also known as urine sediment, are separated from the liquid. A small drop of the urine sediment is then placed on a glass slide to be examined under a microscope.

Under bright-field microscopy, hyaline patterns appear as clear, small tubule-shaped particles. They are often easily overlooked due to their low refractive index or lack of contrast between the surrounding urine and hyaline patterns. In most cases, the use of stains, reduced or dim light, and phase contrast microscopy allows better identification of hyaline debris. Phase contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that increases the contrast between two media that offer similar refractive index to better identify organisms and particles.

In healthy individuals, hyaline casts are not always considered an unusual finding and therefore may not require treatment. However, if hyaline casts are detected in individuals with kidney damage, treatment may be required.

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