Where Is The Nervous System Located In The Human Body – The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a nervous system component that connects the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body. It consists of nerves and ganglia that transmit signals between the CNS and organs, limbs and skin.

The PNS is divided into sensory and motor divisions, which carry information to and from the CNS. It is critical in body functions such as movement, sensation and autonomic processes.

Where Is The Nervous System Located In The Human Body

The PNS is all the nerves that branch off from the CNS components and extend to other body parts – the sensory organs, muscles and glands. The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

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The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the brain and spinal cord with the rest of the body and the external environment. The peripheral nervous system transmits information to and from the CNS.

This is accomplished through nerves that carry information from sensory receptors in the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue, as well as stretch receptors and nociceptors in muscles, glands, and other internal organs.

The sensory organs can detect changes in the environment and relay information through the sensory nerves to the CNS. The brain can then send signals through the nerves to the muscles, resulting in the muscles moving in response.

Therefore, there is always a flow of incoming and outgoing information between the PNS, CNS and the body through the form of nerve impulses.

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The main functions of the PNS are voluntary movements such as chewing food, walking and facial expressions. The PNS also regulates autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestion—the unconscious bodily behaviors.

PNS is therefore particularly important for human survival. Unlike the CNS, protected by the skull and the vertebrae of the spine, the nerves and cells of the PNS are not enclosed by bone. This makes the PNS more susceptible to damage from trauma.

Parts of the PNS The PNS can be divided into two components: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

The somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are both parts of the peripheral nervous system. The SNS controls voluntary actions such as walking.

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The ANS is responsible for the control of vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing. It is also involved in the acute stress response, where it works with the endocrine system to prepare the body for fight or flight.

The somatic nervous system is the key to carrying messages throughout the body to initiate and control movement. This system processes sensory information from external stimuli (eg, through hearing, vision and touch) and motor information, which then carries signals to and from the CNS.

The somatic nervous system is involved in the relay of sensory and motor information to and from the CNS; therefore, it consists of motor neurons and sensory neurons.

In addition to regulating voluntary movements, the somatic nervous system is also responsible for reflexes. This is an involuntary muscle response controlled by a reflex arc, which is a neural pathway.

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For example, when touching a very hot surface, the sensory neuron activity is skipped and instead the brain will send almost instantaneous motor signals to quickly move the hand away from the surface.

The autonomic nervous system coordinates involuntary behaviors such as heart rate, breathing and digestion. This system allows these important functions to take place without conscious thought, so they work automatically.

The sympathetic nervous system mostly comes into play when the body has to react to threatening stimuli. This reaction is called the fight-or-flight response.

During a threatening situation, this system will respond by increasing the heart rate, activating the sweat glands, increasing blood flow and dilating the pupils.

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The parasympathetic nervous system relaxes the individual when the emergency is over. The purpose of the parasympathetic system is to maintain normal body functions by decreasing activity/maintaining it.

When this happens, the system will reduce the heart rate, stop the body from sweating, reduce blood flow and constrict the pupils – so we can reach a state of rest.

The two systems have complementary functions that work in tandem to maintain the body’s homeostasis (a state of equilibrium). Nerves in the PNS

The peripheral nervous system consists of thick bundles of axons, called nerves, that carry messages back and forth between the CNS and the muscles, organs, and senses in the body’s periphery (ie, everything outside the CNS).

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The nerve cells (or neurons) are the brain’s information processing units, responsible for sending, receiving and transmitting signals throughout the body. The neurons are essentially the cells that make up the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

The structure of neurons makes it possible to receive and transport messages efficiently to other neurons and throughout the body. It contains a soma (cell body), which is the core of the neuron, responsible for making sure everything works efficiently.

The axon is a tail-like structure of the neuron that functions by transporting signals away from the soma to the end of the neuron for the purpose of transmitting signals to other neurons.

The neurons’ dendrites are tree root-shaped located at the end of the neuron. Their function is to receive and pass information through their synapses to other neurons nearby.

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The nerves are essentially bundles of thousands of individual axons wrapped in a protective membrane in the PNS. Messages are sent along each of the axons to the body’s peripheral organs and relay information back to the CNS.

Within the PNS there are some nerves that are attached to the spinal cord (spinal nerves) and others that are attached directly to the brain (cranial nerves).

Spinal nerves are relatively large nerves that serve the body below the neck, conveying sensory and motor information from the body and sending messages to the muscles and glands.

The spinal nerves carry signals from receptors around the body to the spinal cord. These signals are then transmitted to the brain for processing.

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These also transmit motor signals from the brain to the body’s muscles and glands so that the brain’s directions can be carried out quickly.

The PNS consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves, which radiate from the spinal cord and operate in various places in the body:

Each spinal nerve leaves the spinal cord by traveling through openings on the right and left sides of the vertebrae of the spine. These nerves divide and subdivide to form a network that connects the spinal cord to each body part.

The longest nerve in the human body, the sciatic nerve (from the lumbar region), forms networks until it reaches the tips of the toes, measuring up to a meter or more in length.

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The cranial nerves primarily coordinate the muscle and sensory receptors in the head and neck. These nerves are different from the spinal nerves as they do not enter through the spinal cord to reach the brain, instead they are directly connected to the brain.

Cranial nerves allow sensory information to be transmitted from the brain’s organs (ears, eyes, nose and mouth), as well as to convey motor information from the brain to these organs.

For example, when eating food, the brain will send motor messages through the nerves to move the mouth to chew and swallow. When you taste the food, the sensory information is sent back to the brain through a set of cranial nerves.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body, including limbs and organs. It consists of nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is responsible for transferring information between the CNS and the body’s tissues. It has two main components: the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary actions, and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heartbeat and digestion.

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Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience working in further and further education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

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Duane E. Haines Professor and Chairman, Department of Anatomy, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Author of Neuroanatomy.

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Graham Ratcliff Neuropsychologist, Harmarville Rehabilitation Center, Pittsburgh. Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh.

Charles R. Noback Emeritus Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. Co-author of The Human Nervous System and others.

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The human nervous system, system that conducts stimuli from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord and conducts impulses back to other parts of the body. As with other higher

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