What Types Of White Blood Cells Are There – Blood cells, also known as hematopoietic cells, hemocytes, or hematocytes, are specialized cells found in the blood of mammals, including humans. They are produced from the bone marrow through a process called hematopoiesis.

Blood cells are generally divided into three types: 1) red blood cells (RBCs), 2) white blood cells (WBCs), and 3) platelets, which together make up 45% of the total blood volume.

What Types Of White Blood Cells Are There

Structure: A typical mammalian red blood cell is biconcave disk-shaped, approximately 6.2-8.2 µm in diameter, flattened and depressed in the center. The cross-sectional view of the RBC looks dumbbell-shaped.

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Abundance: They are the most abundant of all circulating blood cells, accounting for 40 to 45 percent of total blood volume.

Composition: It is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that binds oxygen and gives it its red color. RBCs lack nuclei and most other organelles.

Abundance: Found throughout the body, including connective tissues, blood circulation, and lymphatic system. It constitutes only 1% of the total blood volume.

Broadly speaking, WBCs are divided into five types: Neutrophils (Granulocytes), Eosinophils (Granulocytes), Basophils (Granulocytes), Lymphocytes (Agranulocytes), and Monocytes (Agranulocytes).

White Blood Cells

Apart from these common functions, there are some specific functions that each of the five types of WBCs perform.

Abundance: Found in less than 1% of the total blood cell count. Platelets are abundant, approximately 1/10 to 1/20 of white blood cells.

Reply. RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets make up almost 45% of the total blood volume, and the remaining 55% consists of plasma, the liquid portion of blood.

Reply. Platelets are the least abundant of all blood cells, making up less than 1% of the total blood cell count.

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Reply. The lymph nodes and spleen produce T cells and B cells, a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Stem cells in the bone marrow are responsible for producing white blood cells. The bone marrow then stores an estimated 80-90% of the white blood cells.

When an infection or inflammatory condition occurs, the body releases white blood cells to help fight the infection.

Health professionals have identified three main categories of white blood cells: granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The following sections discuss these in more detail.

Granulocytes are white blood cells that have small granules that contain protein. There are three types of granulocyte cells:

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Monocytes are white blood cells that make up approximately 2-8% of the total number of white blood cells in the body. These occur when the body fights chronic infections.

According to an article published in American Family Physician, the normal range of white blood cells (per cubic millimeter) based on age is:

If a person’s body produces more white blood cells than it should, doctors call this leukocytosis.

If a person’s body produces fewer white blood cells than it should, doctors call this leukopenia.

White Blood Cells—granulocytes And Agranulocytes

Doctors can continuously monitor white blood cells to determine whether the body is mounting an immune response to an infection.

During the physical examination, the doctor may perform a white blood cell count (WBC) using a blood test. They may order a WBC to test or rule out other conditions that may affect white blood cells.

Although the most common approach to testing white blood cells is a blood sample, the doctor may also test other body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, for the presence of white blood cells.

The following are conditions that can affect how many white blood cells a person has in their body.

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This is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system destroys healthy cells, including red and white blood cells.

The amount of white blood cells called CD4 T cells. When a person’s T cell count drops below

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia occurs when white blood cells are produced rapidly and cannot fight infections.

Whether a person needs to have their white blood cell count changed will depend on the diagnosis.

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If they have a medical condition that affects the number of white blood cells in their body, they should talk to a doctor about goals for their white blood cell count based on their current treatment plan.

A person can lower their white blood cell count by taking medications such as hydroxyurea or by undergoing leukapheresis, a procedure that uses a machine to filter the blood.

If a person’s white blood cell count is low due to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, the doctor may recommend avoiding foods that contain bacteria. This can help prevent infections.

A person may also take colony-stimulating factors. These can help prevent infection and increase the number of white blood cells in the body.

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White blood cells are an important part of the body’s immune system response. There are different types of white blood cells and each has a specific function in the body.

Some conditions can affect the number of white blood cells in the body, causing them to be too high or too low.

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WBCs are the central part of the immune system’s response, helping your body fight infections, destroy abnormal cells, and prevent disease. WBCs usually last only a few days, so your bone marrow is constantly producing new ones. There are five basic types, but 60-70% of them

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When your neutrophil count is low (neutropenia), you have a higher risk of infection because your immune system is weaker. Some level of neutropenia is common during cancer treatment.

The results will include the number of white blood cells (in number and/or percentage) and WBC types and how many of each type are present in your blood.

The level of WBC in your blood remains fairly constant, but your counts may increase or decrease depending on what’s going on in your body. For example, bacterial infections cause an increase in neutrophils, allergies cause an increase in eosinophils, and viral infections cause an increase in lymphocytes. The normal range for a WBC count is usually 4,500-11,000, which can be written as 4.5-11 x 10³.

Your blood may also show the presence of tumor markers (biomarkers), which the National Cancer Institute defines as “anything found in or produced by cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign (non-cancerous) conditions.”

Types Of White Blood Cells And Their Functions

The only tumor markers identified in the past were proteins produced in higher amounts by cancer cells. However, with the developments in science, we learned that genetic markers can also be used as tumor markers. These include gene mutations, changes in the tumor’s DNA, and specific expression pathways of tumor genes (how genes change the way the cell looks/behaves).

Many different tumor markers are in clinical use today. It is important to understand that no single tumor marker can indicate whether a person has cancer. Some tumor markers are associated with only one type of cancer; others have more than one type of cancer; However, there is no “universal” tumor marker that can reveal the presence of any type of cancer.

Another limitation is that tumor marker levels can rise and fall constantly, so the information provided by a blood sample can be difficult to use. Additionally, some tumors do not have a marker, and even those who have these types of tumors do not have a marker in every person with this type of cancer.

For more information about white blood cells, see Roswell Park’s publication “Understanding Your Blood Tests.” You can find it online in the Patient Education Library in the MyRoswell patient portal, or you can obtain a copy of the brochure from the Patients and Families Resource Center or ask your nurse at your center.Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Issues Guidelines Publication Process Research and Publication Ethics Article Processing Fees Awards References

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