What Produces Androgens In The Female Body – Blanca Paraíso M.D. , Ph.D. , M.Sc. (gynaecologist), Christina Mestre Ferrer b. (obstetrician), Zaira Salvador b. (obstetrician) and Romina Pacan (staff).

Testosterone is a male sex hormone that is involved in the development of the genitals and the development of secondary sexual characteristics in men.

What Produces Androgens In The Female Body

It is an anabolic steroid produced primarily by the testes, although small amounts are also released by the adrenal glands.

Testosterone Beyond Sex

Testosterone is the dominant androgen hormone, but is not exclusive to men. A woman’s ovaries and adrenal glands also produce small amounts of testosterone and are associated with genital enlargement.

Provided below is a 9-point index that we would like to expand on in this article.

Testosterone is a steroid hormone because it comes from cholesterol. Specifically, part of a group of hormones called testosterone

Other hormones in the androgen group are dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, DHEAS, DHEA, and androstenedione are really precursor hormones because they must be converted to testosterone and DHT to exert their effects.

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Another type of steroid sex hormone is estrogen. Estrogen is traditionally called a female hormone, and androgens are called male hormones, but are present in both women and men.

And it is perfectly regulated by the pituitary gland and the pituitary gland through the LH hormone.

After being released into the blood, testosterone travels through the blood bound to other proteins: sex hormone globulin (SHBG) and platelets. Because of this binding, the ability of testosterone is inhibited because it cannot bind to the receptor.

On the other hand, a small amount of testosterone is free in the blood to play its role.

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Bioavailable testosterone is the sum of free testosterone and testosterone bound to albumin, because this protein has a low affinity for testosterone and therefore releases it quickly.

For women, testosterone is produced by the thymus cells of the ovaries and the adrenal glands.

Testosterone is produced in the first weeks of embryogenesis and is responsible for the virilization of the male fetus.

This hormone plays an important role in the development of the male reproductive system and the development of his secondary sex characteristics.

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On the other hand, testosterone is also involved in the sexual life of men and women, is important for bone health, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and has beneficial effects on blood vessels.

In the following sections, we will go into more detail about the role of testosterone in both sexes.

In addition to the embryonic period, testosterone is especially important in men after puberty. Between the ages of 11 and 13, testosterone production begins to increase in children and continues for the rest of their lives.

For women, they also produce testosterone and other androgens that are important for maintaining ovarian function, bone metabolism, cognitive function, and sexual function.

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When it comes to female reproduction, the role of androgens is not entirely clear, although they are needed to maintain adequate levels for normal ovarian development.

Androgens play a fundamental role in the development of hair follicles, so high levels can lead to excessive growth of follicles with dysfunctional formation, as in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On the other hand, too low androgen levels are associated with low ovarian response and hypothyroidism.

Additionally, androgens have been shown to increase FSH receptor levels in the follicles.

Hormone analysis is one of the main diagnostic tests used to study fertility in men and women. One of the most quantifiable hormones is testosterone, as it provides information on infertility, decreased libido, menstrual irregularities, testicular tumors, and more.

Androgens And Ovarian Function: Translation From Basic Discovery Research To Clinical Impact In: Journal Of Endocrinology Volume 242 Issue 2 (2019)

An adult male produces 20 times more testosterone than an adult female. Specifically, these are the testosterone values ​​that are considered normal:

Men who exhibit these symptoms are advised to undergo hormone testing and make an appointment with a specialist to evaluate their condition.

If, after several tests, the doctor finds that testosterone levels are low and the clinical manifestations cannot be attributed to other causes, testosterone and hormone therapy may be used.

The treating physician selects the method of testosterone administration based on the specific deficit and the characteristics of the man or woman.

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Testosterone used artificially can have side effects, so it is important to monitor the treatment and control the dosage. The most common side effects are breast enlargement, fluid retention, and prostate enlargement.

The latter is the most significant risk, so doctors usually perform a special prostate exam before treatment to make sure there are no tumors in the area and reduce the chance of cancer developing after abnormal prostate growth.

50% of the testosterone in the female body comes from other androgens, and the remaining 50% is produced equally in the ovaries and adrenal glands.

Specifically, women produce between 0.1 and 0.4 milligrams of testosterone per day, and men between 5 and 7 milligrams per day.

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99% of a woman’s testosterone is bound to a protein called sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), preventing it from functioning. Therefore, only 1% of testosterone is in free form and may affect the body.

As menopause approaches, androgen levels decrease. However, the ovaries of postmenopausal women continue to produce testosterone.

In addition to menopause, other conditions that may cause decreased androgen concentrations include anorexia nervosa, oral contraceptives (due to increased SHBG concentrations), HIV, bilateral hysterectomy (removal of both ovaries), and endocrine disorders such as adrenal insufficiency. takes Glandular or hyperlipidemia.

Conversely, there are conditions where high levels of androgens are present, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Adrenal Androgens And Aging

Testosterone is sometimes used for assisted reproduction to improve response in women with low egg reserves.

Pretreatment with testosterone or DHEA appears to be associated with better birth rates, although the quality of the evidence is moderate.

If you want to know more about fertility and its natural development, don’t miss the following article: Male and Female Sex Hormones – Definition and Functions.

You may also be interested in reference values ​​for testosterone and other sex hormones to assess fertility. Read more here:

Intersex: Variations In Sex Characteristics

Nagels HE. Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone) for reproductive women. Cochrane Database System 2015 Nov 26; (11): CD009749.

Nieschlag E, Nieschlag S. ENDOCRINE HISTORY: A HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY, SYNTHESIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TESTOSTERONE FOR CLINICAL USE. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Jan 180 180(6):R201-R212.

User Questions: “What role does testosterone play in men?” , “How much testosterone do women produce?” , “Do Testosterone Concentrations Decrease or Increase in Women?”. and “What is the purpose of testosterone during IVF treatment?”.

Medicine and Ph.D. from the Universidad de Madrid (UCM). Graduate Course in Health Sciences Statistics. A physician specializing in obstetrics and gynecology and assisted child care. More information about Blanca Paraíso

Androgen Hormone: Functions, Effects And Deficiency

Bachelor’s degree in Biological Sciences, Genetics and Human Reproduction from the University of Valencia (UV). Master’s Degree in Biotechnology of Human Assisted Reproduction in Ultraviolet and Infertility Institute of Valencia (IVI). IVI is an embryologist in Barcelona. More about Christina Mestre Ferrer

Bachelor’s degree in Biotechnology from the Technical University of Valencia (UPV). Biotechnology degree at the National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG) and embryologists specializing in assisted reproduction, University of Valencia (UV) and the Infertility Institute of Valencia (IVI) have more information.

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