What Is The Source Of Embryonic Stem Cells – Where do researchers get embryonic stem cells? This is a question that gives rise to much controversy surrounding human stem cell research. Should scientists limit the use of embryos left over after fertility treatments? Why not create special embryos for research and maximize our chances of success?

Human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are created from a small number of cells found in the blastula, a very early human embryo. Single cells taken from blastocysts are grown into large numbers of cells to create ESC ‘lines’.

What Is The Source Of Embryonic Stem Cells

The ESC lines used by most researchers are existing stem cell lines. Most new ESC lines are made from spare embryos from fertility treatments.

Stem Cell Therapy: A Comprehensive Overview (2023)

The self-replicating ability of ESCs allows large numbers of cells to be grown from stem cell lines and shared with laboratories globally over many years, minimizing the need to generate new ESCs from blastula.

Although some people disagree with the use of any embryonic stem cells, the use of previously generated ESC lines is generally accepted because no embryos are further damaged.

The ethical debate over the generation of new ESC lines from spare blastocysts from fertility clinics is largely due to disagreement over how blastocysts should be handled. Some people consider the destruction of blastocysts to be the killing of human life.

An often overlooked concern about ESCs is who will and will not benefit from ESC-based treatments, for example: ESC-based treatments may not be easily accessible or appropriate with the affordability of poor people and poor countries.

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Embryonic stem cell research focuses on stem cell lines. These are populations of cells, all carrying the same genes, grown in the laboratory through many cycles of growth and division over many cell generations. A cell line can provide many researchers with a large number of cells.

Some people oppose the use of human embryonic stem cells under any circumstances. However, the use of established cell lines is the most widely accepted source of stem cells. This acceptance is based on the argument that what is done is done. Even though harvesting embryos in the first place may be considered ethically controversial, nothing can currently be done to save the original embryos from which the lines were derived.

Those who oppose the use of this cell source for research worry that it shows a lack of respect for embryos and therefore for human life. Below is a summary of the arguments for and against the use of spare embryos.

There is no reason to believe that the destruction of embryos will undermine society’s values ​​- for many years embryos have been created and used for IVF and no significant changes have been observed in the way We value human life.

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If stem cell therapies become routine treatments, human embryos could be exploited as a source of therapeutic materials, which could indicate a decreasing respect for human life.

If it is ethically acceptable to use embryos for fertility treatments, where many embryos are never implanted in the woman’s uterus and are left to die, then is it reasonable to sacrifice embryos to curing devastating diseases is not unethical.

This is the start of a slippery slope that could lead to dehumanizing scenarios such as embryo farms or cloned fetuses used as spare parts.

Either way, the spare embryos will be destroyed when their storage period in the freezer expires; It is better not to waste these embryos but use them in research that can benefit humans.

Stem Cell Based Therapy For Human Diseases

This could encourage society to accept the loss of life in order to save one. Where could that lead?

Some people argue that creating an embryo with the intention of destroying it in research is ethically worse than creating spare embryos as a byproduct of fertility treatment, where there is at least a chance of creating human life.

However, such embryos would have a better chance of meeting patient needs because they could be generated from a specific patient as a source of cells compatible with that patient.

Therapeutic cloning is a term used to describe the creation of human blastocysts to obtain stem cells for use in medical treatment of a specific individual. In practice, therapeutic cloning currently means creating human blastocysts using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this process, the nucleus of an adult cell is transferred into an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. The embryo can be allowed to develop to a very early stage of development, such as the blastocyst, and then be used as a source of stem cells. It is hoped that in the future this method could provide a source of cells for therapy.

Embryonic Origins Of Adult Pluripotent Stem Cells

In certain circumstances, the potential for great benefit to humanity may outweigh some wrongdoing.

Even if the destruction of embryos is considered murder, society can sometimes justify killing in order to save the lives of others: for example, if Hitler had been assassinated, millions of lives would probably have been saved .

Embryonic stem cell lines can be generated from cells from patients with rare, complex diseases, creating a vast resource that can be used by many scientists to develop methods treat those patients.

Erroneous individuals may attempt to implant cloned human embryos into a woman’s uterus to create a cloned person (called reproductive cloning). There are laws against this in many countries, but not all.

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Commercial pressures and international competition may push scientists to conduct more and more research on embryos, reducing the value of human embryos as a resource for scientists.

Eggs used to create embryos in this way must be donated by women, who are at risk of being exploited for their eggs, especially in poorer countries or those with fewer legal restrictions.

The source of human embryonic stem cells is not the only ethical issue to consider. It’s unclear who will benefit from stem cell-based therapies, but it seems unlikely that the world’s poorer countries will reap any benefits, at least initially. Many other ethical questions are raised by the promise of new therapies and by discoveries such as induced pluripotent stem cells.

Image of blastocysts and human embryonic stem cells by Jenny Nichols. Nuclear injection into SCNT and Dolly the sheep by the MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh.

First Embryonic Stem Cells Cloned From A Man’s Skin

Do you know? There are more than 300 human embryonic stem cell lines available in the world. About two-thirds of these occur in just five countries: UK, Sweden, France, Spain, USA. You may have heard about stem cells on science blogs, articles or even on social networks! You must also be aware of claims that stem cells are “miracle cells”, “life-giving” and even have the ability to cure cancer. Yes, you heard right. Stem cells are capable of doing all those things, but how do they work? Well, it all comes from various sources of stem cells. The characteristics of stem cells often vary depending on the source from which they are extracted. So are you ready to learn about stem cells, their classification and applications? Let’s start with the definition of stem cells!

The term stem cell was first coined by William Sedgwick in 1886 to define the “regenerative ability” of plants.

They are defined as multipotent cells that can differentiate into muscle cells, red blood cells, brain cells, cardiomyocytes, and bone cells. 2

Stem cells can be classified into two broad categories, subdivided according to their source of stem cells and their ability to differentiate.

Schematic Representation Of Red Blood Cells (rbc) Generation From…

Stem cells are taken from human embryos that are about 4-7 days old, after fertilization. Naturally, these cells are pluripotent (capable of developing into any type of cell and tissue). Embryonic stem cells are harvested through in vitro fertilization for ethical reasons.

In addition to pluripotency, these cells have other special properties, such as the ability to self-renew, repair and grow structures, and rapidly divide cells. Clinical applications of embryonic stem cells (developed from iPSCs/Adult Stem Cells) have shown therapeutic potential and are being considered in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Researchers have discovered a method in which adult human cells can be reprogrammed to mimic the properties of embryonic stem cells, in the form of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

These stem cells are extracted from the fetus and can be obtained from the embryo after the 8th week. Fetal stem cells can be obtained from the blood, bone marrow or other fetal tissues such as liver and kidneys. ten

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Compared with adult stem cells, fetal stem cells are known to have better intrinsic engraftment capacity, more pluripotency, and lower immunogenicity.

Adult stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent cells that can regenerate and replace damaged or dead tissues. They can be found in a number of distinct tissues of the body.

The main job of ASC in our body is to continuously repair, regenerate and replace cells that need to be replenished. Only three types of cells—neurons, mesenchymal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells—can develop from adult stem cells.

These stem cells are taken from the umbilical cord blood (and placenta) of the newborn. 14 Umbilical cord blood contains hematopoietic stem cells that are used to treat many genetic diseases,

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