What Is The Side Effect Of High Blood Pressure – Hypertension is a risk factor for all clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis since it is a risk factor for atherosclerosis itself.

Aggressive control of hypertension can regress or reverse left ventricular hypertrophy and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

What Is The Side Effect Of High Blood Pressure

Left ventricular hypertrophy is observed in 25% of hypertensive patients and can easily be diagnosed by echocardiography.

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The mechanisms underlying hypertactive left ventricular hypertrophy are of 2 types: on the one hand, mechanical (leading mainly to myocyte hypertrophy) and on the other hand, neuro-hormonal (leading mainly to fibroblastic proliferation).

Are common in hypertensive patients. Patients with diastolic heart failure have preserved ejection fraction, which is a measure of systolic function.

About 85% of strokes are due to a heart attack and the rest are due to hemorrhage, either intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The incidence of stroke gradually increases with increasing blood pressure levels, especially systolic blood pressure in individuals over 65 years of age. Treatment of hypertension convincingly decreases the incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

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Cognitive impairment and dementia linked to hypertension can be the consequence of a single infarction due to occlusion of a larger “strategic” vessel.

Several clinical trials suggest that antihypertensive treatment has a beneficial effect on cognitive function, although this remains an active area of ​​research.

Cerebral blood flow remains unchanged over a wide range of blood pressures (average blood pressure 50 to 150 mmHg) through a process called autoregulation of blood flow.

Signs and symptoms of hypertactive cephalopathy may include severe headache, nausea and vomiting (often projectile in nature), focal neurological signs, and alterations in metal status. Untreated hypertensive cephalopathy can progress to stupor, coma, convulsions and death within hours.

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It is important to distinguish hypertensive cephalopathy from other neurological syndromes that may be associated with hypertension, e.g. cerebral ischemia, hemorrhagic or thrombotic stroke, seizure disorders, mass lesions, pseudotumor cerebri, tremulous delirium, mingitis, acute intermittent porphyria, traumatic or chemical injury. to the brain and uremic cephalopathy.

Hypertactive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with high blood pressure.

In the initial, vasoconstrictor stage, there is vasospasm and an increase in retinal arteriolar tone due to local autoregulatory mechanisms. This stage presents clinically as a generalized narrowing of the retinal arterioles. Persistently elevated blood pressure leads to intimal thickening, media wall hyperplasia, and hyaline degeneration in the later, sclerotic stage. This stage corresponds to more severe generalized and focal areas of arteriolar narrowing, changes in arteriolar and vulular junctions, and alterations in the arteriolar light reflex (i.e., widening and acceleration of the central light reflex, or “copper wiring”).

Next comes an exudative phase, during which there is a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, necrosis of smooth muscles and dothelial cells, exudation of blood and lipids and retinal ischemia. These changes manifest themselves in the retina in the form of microaneurysms, hemorrhages, hard exudates and cottony spots. Optic disc swelling may occur at this time and usually indicates severely elevated blood pressure (i.e., malignant hypertension). Because better methods of blood pressure control are now available in the general population, malignant hypertension is rarely observed. In contrast, other retinal vascular complications of hypertsion, such as macroaneurysms and branch vein occlusions, are not uncommon in patients with chronically elevated blood pressure. These stages of hypertactive retinopathy may, however, not be sequential.

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For example, signs of retinopathy that reflect the exudative stage, such as retinal hemorrhage or microaneurysm, may be seen in eyes that do not have the characteristics of the sclerotic stage.

And black men are at greater risk than white men of developing ESRD at all blood pressure levels.

Glomerular damage may also be the consequence of direct injury to glomerular capillaries due to glomerular hyperperfusion. Glomerular pathology progresses to glomerulosclerosis,

And eventually, the renal tubules may also become ischemic and progressively atrophic. The renal lesion associated with malignant hypertsion consists of fibrinoid necrosis of the afferent arterioles,

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Clinically, macroalbuminuria (a random urinary albumin/creatinine ratio >300 mg/g) or microalbuminuria (a random urinary albumin/creatinine ratio between 30 and 300 mg/g) are early markers of kidney injury. They are also risk factors for progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

Diabetes has several complications including hypertension or high blood pressure. Data indicates that at least 60 to 80 percent of people who develop diabetes will eventually develop high blood pressure. High blood pressure is progressive in the early stages and can take at least 10 to 15 years to fully develop. Besides diabetes, other factors that can increase high blood pressure include obesity, insulin resistance and high cholesterol. In general, fewer than 25 percent of diabetics have good blood pressure control. The presence of high blood pressure in diabetes is associated with a 4-fold increase in deaths, mainly from heart disease and stroke.

Blood pressure variability, independent of mean blood pressure level, has also been shown in direct epidemiological studies to contribute to microvascular and macrovascular complications.

These associations of variability may be particularly deleterious in people with particularly high or particularly low blood pressure.

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The main reason people with diabetes develop high blood pressure is hardening of the arteries. Diabetes aims to accelerate the process of atherosclerosis. The other fact about diabetes is that it affects both large and small blood vessels in the body. Over time, blood vessels become clogged with fatty deposits, become non-compliant and lose their elasticity. The process of atherosclerosis is much faster in people with diabetes who do not control their blood sugar well. High blood pressure ultimately leads to heart failure, strokes, heart attacks, blindness, kidney failure, loss of libido, and poor blood circulation in the legs. When the blood supply to the feet is compromised, the risks of infections and amputations also increase. All diabetics should know that even slight elevations in blood pressure can be detrimental to health. Studies have shown that diabetics with mild elevations in blood pressure are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop heart disease than people without diabetes.

Blood pressure values ​​vary, but experts recommend that blood pressure should not exceed 140/80. Secondly, high blood pressure is a silt disease and therefore it is vital for all diabetics to check their blood pressure regularly or have it checked regularly by a doctor. The American Diabetes Association recommends that all people with diabetes have their blood pressure measured by a healthcare professional at least 2 to 5 times a year.

Medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are widely used to control blood pressure in diabetics. These medications not only control blood pressure, but also delay or prevent the development of kidney disease associated with diabetes. Numerous studies have shown that ACE inhibitors should be the drugs of first choice in diabetics suffering from high blood pressure.

Other medications used to treat high blood pressure include water pills. Sometimes a combination of medications is used to treat high blood pressure. All diabetics should stop smoking. The combination of diabetes and smoking commonly leads to toe and foot amputations. Measure your blood sugar regularly and make sure it is well balanced, as the majority of diabetes complications can be avoided by ensuring that your blood sugar remains within normal limits.

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It is also recommended to eat a healthy diet, avoid sugary foods and limit salt intake. Also make sure your cholesterol levels are under control. Exercise is a must for all diabetics. Walking twice a day for 30 minutes can be a good substitute for those who are not used to strenuous gym activities. Weight loss is also beneficial, as it has been shown to improve blood sugar control, increase insulin sensitivity, and reduce blood pressure. In most cases, the damage caused by high blood pressure (RAP or hypertension) occurs over time. If undetected or uncontrolled, high blood pressure can lead to:

When your blood pressure is high for too long, it damages your blood vessels and LDL (bad) cholesterol begins to build up along tears in your artery walls. This leads to narrowing of the arteries and increases the workload on your circulatory system while decreasing its efficiency.

If your blood pressure readings exceed 180/120 mm Hg and you have symptoms such as headache, chest pain, nausea/vomiting, or dizziness, call 911 immediately. If you have no symptoms, wait five minutes, then test your blood pressure again.

Also contact your healthcare professional immediately if your results are still unusually high and you do not experience any other symptoms of target organ damage, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness , a change in vision or difficulty speaking. You could be experiencing a hypertensive crisis.

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Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors, including high blood pressure, that increase the risk of disease, diabetes, stroke and other health problems. It is diagnosed when you have three of these risk factors:

Written by the American Association editorial staff and reviewed by scientific and medical advisors. View our editorial policies and staff.

Our online community of patients, survivors and caregivers is here to help you keep going, whatever the obstacles. We’ve been there and we won’t let you go alone. Nicknamed the silent killer due to its hidden symptoms, high blood pressure (BPH or hypertension)

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