What Is The Role Of Lightning In The Nitrogen Cycle –

Lightning branches and rejoins over Table Mountain and Lion’s Head in Cape Town, South Africa. Central Africa is the area in the world where lightning strikes most often.

Lightning branches and rejoins over Table Mountain and Lion’s Head in Cape Town, South Africa. Central Africa is the area in the world where lightning strikes most often.

What Is The Role Of Lightning In The Nitrogen Cycle

Lightning is an electrical discharge caused by an imbalance between storm clouds and the ground, or within the clouds themselves. Most lightning occurs in the clouds.

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“Sheet lightning” describes a distant bolt that lights up an entire cloud base. Other visible bolts can appear as beads, ribbons, or rocket lightning.

During a storm, colliding particles of rain, ice, or snow inside storm clouds increase the imbalance between storm clouds and the ground, often negatively loading the lower parts of storm clouds. Objects on the ground, such as towers, trees and the earth itself, become positively charged – creating an imbalance that nature seeks to remedy by sending electricity between the two charges.

Lightning is extremely hot – a flash can heat the air around it to temperatures five times hotter than the surface of the Sun. This heat causes surrounding air to rapidly expand and vibrate, creating the crackling thunder we hear shortly after seeing lightning.

Cloud-to-ground lightning is a common phenomenon—about 100 strike the Earth’s surface every second—but their power is extraordinary. Each bolt can contain up to one billion volts of electricity.

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A typical cloud-to-ground lightning starts when a step-like series of negative charges, called a step leader, races downward from the base of a storm cloud toward Earth along a channel at about 200,000 mph (300,000 mph). km/h). Each of these segments is approximately 150 feet (46 meters) long.

When the bottom step comes within 150 feet (46 meters) of a positively charged object, it is met by a climbing wave of positive electricity, called a streamer, which can ascend through a building, a tree, or even a person.

When the two connect, an electric current flows as negative charges fly down the channel toward Earth and a visible bolt of lightning streaks upward at about 200,000,000 mph (300,000,000 km/h), transferring electricity as lightning in the process .

Some types of lightning, including the most common types, never leave the clouds, but travel between differently charged regions within or between clouds. Other rare forms can be triggered by extreme forest fires, volcanic eruptions and blizzards. Ball lightning, a small, charged ball that floats, glows and bounces along oblivious to the laws of gravity or physics, continues to baffle scientists.

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About one in 20 cloud-to-ground lightning is “positive lightning,” a type that originates in the positively charged tops of storm clouds. These strikes reverse the charge flow of typical lightning and are far stronger and more destructive. Positive lightning can stretch across the sky and strike “out of the blue” more than 10 miles from the storm cloud where it was born.

Lightning is not only spectacular, it is dangerous. Around 2,000 people are killed worldwide by lightning each year. Hundreds more survive strikes but suffer a range of lasting symptoms, including memory loss, dizziness, weakness, numbness and other life-changing ailments. Strikes can cause cardiac arrest and severe burns, but 9 out of 10 people survive. The average American has about a 1 in 5,000 chance of being struck by lightning in their lifetime.

The extreme heat of lightning will evaporate the water inside a tree, creating steam that can blow the tree apart. Cars are safe from lightning – but not for the reason that most people think. Tires conduct electricity, as do metal frames that carry a charge harmlessly to the ground.

Many houses are grounded with rods and other protection that conducts a lightning bolt’s electricity harmlessly to the ground. Homes can also be inadvertently grounded by plumbing, gutters, or other materials. Grounded buildings provide protection, but residents who touch running water or use a landline telephone can be shocked by conducted electricity.

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A supercell thunderstorm hits South Dakota. Among the most severe storms, supercells can bring strong winds, hail and even tornadoes. (See more extreme weather pictures.)

A supercell thunderstorm hits South Dakota. Among the most severe storms, supercells can bring strong winds, hail and even tornadoes. (See more extreme weather photos.)

Warm, humid weather can create the perfect conditions for a surprise afternoon storm — but where and when they occur could change as the planet warms.

Until the last few decades, we didn’t know if the phenomenon was even real. Now scientists are peeling back why thunder and lightning can happen in a snowstorm.

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The massive eruption generated hundreds of times more power than a nuclear bomb – and the most extreme lightning ever recorded. How did it happen?

They are 1,000 times stronger and brighter than average lightning, and scientists have finally found the cause of these dramatic flashes of electricity. A new study found that lightning may have played a key role in forming life on Earth. (photo by Felix Mittermeier via Unsplash)

A new study has found that lightning strikes played a key role in the origin of life on the planet humans call home.

Published on Science Daily, the study was carried out by researchers at the University of Leeds while studying samples of fulgurite, a type of rock created when lightning strikes the ground. However, what was exceptional about the fulgurite sample that these researchers took a look at was that it contained a significant amount of a phosphorus-based mineral called schreibersite.

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“Most models of how life might have formed on Earth’s surface call for meteorites that carry small amounts of schreibersite,” explains lead researcher Dr. Benjamin Hess. “Our work finds a relatively large amount of schreibersite in the studied fulgurite.

“Lightning often strikes the Earth, suggesting that the phosphorus needed for the origin of life on Earth’s surface is not only dependent on meteorite impacts.”

The study goes on to detail not only the fact that lightning tends to strike Earth more than meteorites do, but that this atmospheric event tends to more efficiently deliver heavy doses of phosphorus while the effect of meteors tends to wane after a certain time. .

“The early bombardment [of meteors] is once in a solar system,” says Dr Jason Harvey, associate professor of geochemistry at Leeds’ School of Earth and Environment. “When the planets reach their mass, the supply of more phosphorus from meteors becomes negligible.

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“Lightning, on the other hand, is not such a one-time event. If atmospheric conditions are favorable for the generation of lightning, elements essential for the formation of life can be delivered to the surface of a planet.”

This, Dr. Harvey concludes, opens up an even greater implication regarding the origin of life: “This could mean that life could appear on Earth-like planets at any time.”

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You might think that with modern high-tech equipment, we can predict almost anything when it comes to lightning. But this supposed fact is not true.

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Lightning is a natural force which makes it difficult to research natural organic strikes, meaning we can only predict certain events when it comes to lightning strikes.

It is estimated globally that around 2,000 lightning storms are active at any one time. This means that on average there are more than 100 strikes per second.

This seems shocking (excuse the pun), and to some extent it is. The projections result in a potential of 200,000 to 500,000 volts between the Earth’s surface and the ionosphere!

On average, the Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning 100 times a year. You would think that with the power behind a single attack, the building would show signs of damage. But that is not the case.

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Despite more than 100 strikes per second, only 10% to 20% of lightning is known to reach the ground. This is because most of the lightning occurs in the storm cloud itself.

It is estimated that the peak power of a single lightning strike is a staggering 1,000,000,000,000 watts! So what would be the total force of a large thunderstorm you ask?

Well, a large thunderstorm is believed to contain enough energy to power the entire United States for 20 minutes.

It is a myth that lightning does not strike in the same place twice – the truth is that lightning can strike in the same place several times. As previously mentioned, the Empire State Building is struck more than 100 times a year, proving that lightning can – and will – strike the same place more than once.

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It has been discovered that the Democratic Republic of Congo and Lake Maracaibo in northwestern Venezuela are the places on the planet where lightning strikes the most.

A common misconception

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