What Is The Monomer Of Nucleic Acids – Nucleic acid is a biological polymer or biopolymer that is essential for life and consists of a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon (pentose) sugar and phosphate groups. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. They are “nucleic acids” because DNA is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is chemically acidic. Nucleic acids contain the genetic information of all organisms and directly carry out protein synthesis.

There are three types of DNA and several types of RNA. Here are some examples of these nucleic acids:

What Is The Monomer Of Nucleic Acids

So DNA and RNA are two naturally occurring classes of nucleic acids. But biochemists also synthesize artificial nucleic acid analogues. Synthetic molecules differ primarily from DNA or RNA in the composition of their backbone.

D. Nucleic Acids: Dna And Rna

Nucleic acid is a polymer composed of nucleotide monomers linked together. Each nucleotide consists of three parts:

Each base has a ring structure and is classified by its structure and a purine or pyrimidine. Purines are adenine and guanine, while pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine (DNA), and uracil (RNA). Purines and pyrimidines form bonds with each other, where adenine (A) bonds with thymine (T) or uracil (U), and guanine (G) with cytosine (C).

The 5-carbon, or pentose, sugar is located between the nitrogenous base and the phosphate group. The sugar in DNA is 2′-deoxyribose. The sugar in RNA is ribose. The sugar carbons are numbered 1′, 2′, 3′, 4′, and 5′. The base attaches to the 1′ carbon of the sugar, while the phosphate attaches to the 5′ carbon.

The phosphate group binds to the pentose sugar. Together, the sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the DNA or RNA helix. While a nucleotide has 1, 2, or 3 phosphate groups, a nucleic acid has only one phosphate group.

Solved: Nucleic Acids Label And Describe The Component Parts Ofthe Following Molecule J;

Nucleic acids have a helical shape (with some exceptions in RNA). DNA forms a double helix, while RNA mostly forms a single helix. The phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to the OH group at the 3′ carbon atom of the sugar of the next nucleotide. This compound is an ester compound. The process repeats to form a backbone of alternating phosphate and sugar subunits. Purines and pyrimidines branch from the backbone.

The backbone has “direction” because one end has a free sugar (3′ end) and the other end has a free phosphate group (5′ end). The two strands of the DNA helix are antiparallel, so the 3′ end of one strand lies over the 5′ end of the other strands, with bases paired between them. By convention, chemists read the nucleic acid code starting at the 5′ end. So the genetic code for guanine, thymine, adenine, cytosine is 5′-dG-dT-dA-dC-3′ or simply GTAC. All materials are free cultural works licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, except where additional license information is provided.

Genetic information is encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. Therefore, DNA is an essential component of independent living organisms. Genes are segments of DNA that contain genetic information (1).

Some DNA sequences do not code for genes and play a structural role (for example, in the structure of chromosomes) or are involved in regulating the use of genetic information; for example, repressor sites are DNA sequences that allow binding to a repressor that stops the process of gene expression.

This Diagram Shows The Construction Of A Polymer From Two Monomers. Which Of The Following Statements

DNA consists of two long polymers (called strands) that run in opposite directions and form a double helix regular geometry. DNA monomers are called nucleotides. Nucleotides have three components: a base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate residue. The four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Sugar and phosphate form the backbone on either side of the double helix. Bases interact by hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on the other DNA strand in the helix.

It is the sequence of these four bases that encodes the genetic information. The interaction between two bases on opposite strands through hydrogen bonds is called base pairing. As shown in Figure 3, adenine base pairs with thymine and guanine base pairs with cytosine. These are the most common base pairing patterns, but alternative patterns are possible.

Figure 3 Chemical structure of DNA; two polymers consisting of phosphate-deoxyribose backbones and four bases: A, C, G, T linked by two (A-T) or three (G-C) hydrogen bonds; the two directions go in opposite directions (image from wikipedia).

Most of the DNA in a cell is in a so-called B-DNA structure. However, it can also take over other 3D structures (Figure 4). Z-DNA, found in DNA bound to certain proteins, is a rarer structure. The Z-DNA bases are chemically modified by methylation, and the strands turn into a left-handed helix. , in the opposite direction to the B shape. Z-DNA formation is an important mechanism in modulating chromatin structure (2). The A-DNA structure, which has a wider right-handed helix, is found only in dehydrated DNA samples, such as those used in X-ray crystallography.

Short And Long Range Interactions In The Hiv 1 5′ Utr Regulate Genome Dimerization And Packaging

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