What Is The Main Cause Of Dementia – While the number of adult smokers in the UK has fallen significantly in recent years, around 7.2 million people in the UK still smoke.

Most people know that smoking leads to poor health and significantly increases the risk of cancer and lung disease. But what is the link with dementia?

What Is The Main Cause Of Dementia

Dementia is a word used to describe a group of symptoms, most commonly memory loss, confusion and difficulty communicating. It occurs when brain cells stop working properly and is the result of diseases, most commonly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.

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These diseases cause brain cells to die faster than they would when compared to brain changes associated with normal aging.

850,000 people in the UK have dementia. More than 90% of these cases are late-onset dementia (in people over the age of 65) and result from complex interactions between genetic, environmental and other health risk factors.

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the accumulation of two proteins, amyloid and tau, which leads to the loss of connections between brain cells, ultimately causing them to die.

The research found more than 20 genes associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease. These genetic factors interact with environmental and health risk factors to further increase the risk of developing the disease.

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Vascular dementia is caused by damage to blood vessels in the brain, which reduces blood flow to brain cells and affects their function.

About 20% of people who have had a stroke develop stroke-related dementia within six months. Another form of the disease, called subcortical vascular dementia, occurs when changes occur in the very small blood vessels in the brain, often called small vessel disease.

These disease processes in the brain are closely related to what is happening more broadly in the body. And so it is very likely that what damages the body will also affect what happens in our brain.

Smoking is associated with an increased risk of dementia. The 2019 Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention ranked smoking third among nine modifiable risk factors for dementia.

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A recent review of 37 research studies found that current smokers were 30% more likely to develop dementia overall and 40% more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease compared to never smokers. Analyzes of previous studies have shown that the risk may be even higher than this.

A large study conducted in Finland found that people who smoke heavily in middle age more than double their risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia two decades later.

Research has also shown that the risk of Alzheimer’s disease was significantly higher in moderate to heavy smokers compared to light smokers. This suggests a possible dose-response relationship between the amount of smokers and their chances of developing Alzheimer’s disease, ie. the more you smoke, the higher the risk.

But we know that inhaling tobacco smoke is associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between toxic molecules in our cells and the antioxidants we need to remove them. This imbalance causes damage to the cells in our body. Research has shown that oxidative stress is linked to the onset of dementia.

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Smoking also increases the risk of developing other risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, such as stroke and high blood pressure, in addition to being a risk factor in itself. Smoking damages the structure of blood vessels, making it harder for blood to flow freely throughout the body and to the brain. It also reduces the level of oxygen in the blood.

The brain uses about 20% of the body’s oxygen supply from the blood, meaning that anything that prevents the brain from receiving oxygen-rich blood prevents brain cells from getting the nutrients they need to survive, thrive and resist injury.

We cannot change our age or our genes, and currently we cannot completely prevent dementia. However, we can all take a few simple steps to reduce our risk.

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, are also risk factors for dementia, so what’s good for your heart is good for your brain.

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Taking care of your health by quitting smoking will help reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. Other behaviors associated with good heart and brain health include being physically active, eating a healthy balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight and, if you drink alcohol, drinking in accordance with NHS guidelines to reduce risk.

While it’s never too late to make positive changes, maintaining a healthy heart in your forties and fifties appears to be especially important for reducing your risk of dementia.

Quitting smoking and controlling other modifiable risk factors, especially in middle age, can help reduce the risk of dementia. It’s never too late to quit smoking, but research has shown that the sooner you do, the greater the benefits. A 50-year study of British doctors who quit smoking at ages 60, 50, 40, and 30, respectively, found that they increased their life expectancy by 3, 6, 9, or 10 years.

There are many good health reasons to quit smoking – not only will you reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia, but also lung disease, cancer and other diseases.

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Getting professional help from a local smoking cessation service can triple your chances of successfully quitting. You can call the National Smoke Free Helpline free on 0300 123 1044 or ask your GP for advice. You can find out more at www.nhs.uk/smokefree

). ASH is a public health charity that campaigns and works to end the harm caused by tobacco. The blog was based on content from their fact sheet which can be viewed here ASH Fact Sheet: Smoking and Dementia

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