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What Is The Function Of Digestive System

William Sircus Senior Consultant Nurse, Gastrointestinal Unit; Former Reader in Medicine, University of Edinburgh. Coeditor of Scientific Foundations of Gastroenterology.

Observe The Diagram Of The Human Digestive System. The Labels I To Iv Represent The Different Parts Of The Digestive System. Match The Correct Part Of The Digestive System In Column I

William T. Keeton Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1969–80. Author of the biological sciences; Elements of biological science.

Nicholas Carr Hightower Senior Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, Scott and White Clinic and Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas. Contributor to “Digestion” in Best and Taylor, The Physiological Basis…

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Human digestive system, a system used in the human body for the process of digestion. The digestive system is made up primarily of the alimentary canal, or the series of structures and organs that pass food and liquids while processing them into digestible forms in the bloodstream. . The system also includes the system that passes the waste in the process of elimination and other organs that provide juice necessary for the process of digestion.

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The abdominal organs are supported and protected by the pelvic bones and ribs and are covered by the greater omentum, a fold of peritoneum that is made up mainly of fat.

The digestive tract starts at the lips and ends at the anus. It is the mouth, or mouth, with its teeth, to grind food, and the tongue, which kneads the food and mixes it with saliva; the throat, or the pharynx; the esophagus; the stomach; the small intestine, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; and the large intestine, consisting of the cecum, a closed pouch connected to the ileum, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon, which ends in the rectum. The glands of the stomach, the pancreas, the liver and its appendages — the gallbladder and the airways. All these organs and glands participate in the physical and chemical breakdown of ingested food and in the elimination of indigestible waste. The system and its functions are described step by step in this section.

Little digestion takes place in the mouth. However, through the process of mastication, or chewing, food is prepared in the mouth for transport through the upper digestive tract to the stomach. and the small intestine, where most of the digestion takes place. Chewing is the first mechanical process that food undergoes. Movement of the lower jaw in chewing is carried out by the muscles of mastication (the masseter, the temporalis, the medial and lateral pterygoids, and the buccinator). The sensitivity of the periodontal membrane that surrounds and supports the teeth, not the strength of the muscles of mastication, determines the force of the bite.

Mastication is not necessary for proper digestion. However, chewing aids in digestion, by reducing the food into small particles and mixing it with the saliva produced by the salivary glands. Saliva lubricates and moistens dry food, while chewing distributes saliva throughout the food mass. The movement of the tongue against the hard palate and cheeks helps form a round mass, or bolus, of food.

Solved Digestive System C. 1. What Are The Organs And Their

The lips, which are two folds of flesh around the mouth, are made up of an outer skin and an inner layer of mucus, or mucosa. The mucosa is rich in mucus glands, which together with saliva ensure adequate lubrication for speech and mastication.

The cheeks, the sides of the mouth, are continuous with the lips and have the same structure. The special fat is found in the subcutaneous fat (the fat under the skin) of the cheeks; This pad is the largest in babies and is known as the nursing pad. On the inner side of each cheek, opposite the second upper molar tooth, there is a small elevation that marks the opening of the parotid duct, which originates from the parotid salivary gland, which is in front of the ear. . Behind this gland are four to five glands that secrete mucus, the ducts of which open opposite the last molar tooth.

The roof of the mouth is shaped and formed by the hard and soft palate. The hard palate is formed by the horizontal part of the two cranial bones and the palatine part of the maxillae, or upper jaw. The hard palate is covered with thick, pale-colored mucosa that is continuous with the gums and is connected to the upper jaw and palate by hard fibrous tissue. The soft palate is continuous with the hard palate anteriorly. Behind it continues with the mucous membrane covering the floor of the nose. The soft palate consists of a strong, thin, fibrous plate, the palatine aponeurosis, and the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine muscles. A small projection called the uvula hangs loosely at the back of the soft palate.

The floor of the mouth is not visible until the tongue is raised. In the middle, there is a wide open fold (frenulum linguae) that binds each lip to the gum, and on each side of them there is a small fold called the sublingual papilla, which opens the canal of the tongue. lower salivary gland. Running outward and backward from each sublingual papilla is a ridge (the plica sublingualis) that marks the upper edge of the sublingual gland (under the tongue) and where most of the gland’s ducts open. .

Digestive System Function Internal Organs Graphic 3d 11578164 Png

The gums consist of a mucous membrane attached to the thick fibrous tissue of the membrane surrounding the jaw bone. The gum tissue rises to form a collar around the base of the crown (exposed part) of each tooth. Rich in blood vessels, gingival tissue receives branches from blood vessels; These vessels, called alveolar because of their connection with the alveoli dentales, or dental sockets, supply the teeth and the spongy bone of the upper and lower jaws, where the teeth rest. the accessory organs of digestion (tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed into the body. The process of digestion consists of three stages: the cephalic stage, the gastric stage, and the intestinal stage.

The first stage, the cephalic stage of digestion, begins with secretions from the gastric gland in response to the sight and smell of food. This process includes the mechanical breakdown of food through chewing, and the breakdown of digestive enzymes, which occurs in the mouth. Saliva contains the digestive enzymes amylase, and lingual lipase, secreted by the salivary and serous glands of the tongue. Chewing, in which food is mixed with saliva, begins the mechanical process of digestion. This creates a bolus that is swallowed down the esophagus to fill the stomach.

The second phase, the gastric phase, occurs in the stomach. Here, food is further broken down by mixing with gastric acid until it enters the duodum, the first part of the small intestine.

The third stage, the intestine, begins with the duodum. Here the partially digested food is mixed with several zymes produced by the pancreas.

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Digestion is aided by the chewing of food carried out by the muscles of mastication, the tongue and teeth, as well as the reduction of peristalsis, and distribution. Gastric acid, and the production of mucus in the stomach, is necessary for continued digestion.

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of the muscles that starts in the esophagus and continues through the stomach wall and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. Initially, it produces chyme which is completely broken down in the intestine, and enters the lymphatic system as chyle. Most of the digestion takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are returned to the blood in the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (feces) exit from the rectum through the anus.

There are several organs and other components involved in digestion. The organs known as the accessory digestive organs are the liver, bladder and pancreas. Other components are the mouth, salivary glands, tongue, teeth and epiglottis.

The main structure of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). It starts at the mouth and ds at the anus, reaching about nine meters.

The Digestive Process

The main digestive organ is the stomach. Inside its mucosa are millions of gastric glands. His secretary is very useful

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