What Is The Function Of Cancellous Bone – Different types of bone tissue can be recognized visually – dense, compact bone tissue (cortical bone) and porous, spongy bone tissue (trabecular bone).

The dense version, known for its low proportion of soft tissue, less than 10%, contrasts sharply with the spongy component, whose structure consists of rod- or plate-like structures, called trabeculae, among a significant amount of bone marrow, which constitutes over 75%. the volume of spongy bone.

What Is The Function Of Cancellous Bone

Dense bone tissue is the outermost layer of all bones and is concentrated mainly in the long bones (limbs). Conversely, the porous version is found mainly in the central skeleton and occupies the space between the denser bones of smaller, flat and short bones such as the shoulder blades, vertebrae and pelvic bones. It can also be found, although sparingly, on the ends near the joints of limb bones.

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Although dense bone tissue constitutes 80% of total bone mass and provides most of the mechanical functions, cancellous bone, constituting only 20% of bone mass, exhibits impressive metabolic activity. In fact, it is metabolically four times more active per unit volume compared to dense bone.

On a microscopic scale, bones exhibit several protective layers. The outer layer of periosteum is connective tissue that surrounds stiff and soft tissues, while isolating bone from surrounding organs. The inner endosteal layer includes all the soft tissue inside the bone, except osteocytes. This layer marks the boundary between bone marrow, soft tissue and bone tissue.

Within this endosteal layer, we can identify three unique, yet interconnected, surfaces: the intracortical surface, which includes some of the biological channels; endocortical surface; and trabecular surface. Bone modeling and remodeling activity occurs on these surfaces. However, the intensity of these activities may vary depending on the surface and may be influenced in different ways by physiological or pathological factors and treatment methods.

Regarding the structural unit of bone, within the boundaries defined by the periosteal and endosteal layers, bone is organized into several structural elements, called bone structural units (BSU). The arrangement and integrity of these tiny bone units contribute to the overall strength of the bones.

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In the case of cortical bone, the BSU represents the osteon or Haversian system. Each osteon is a cylindrical structure aligned with the long axis of cortical bone. The center of the osteon is occupied by the Haversian canal, which contains blood vessels, nerves and connective tissue. The channels of adjacent osteons are connected laterally by Volkmann’s channels, forming an intracortical network. This network is also connected to the periosteum and bone marrow. The central Haversian canal is surrounded by approximately 20 to 30 bony laminae, forming the osteon wall. Osteons are packed closely together, separated only by remnants of partially resorbed osteons, also called interstitial plates.

In cancellous or cancellous bone, the bone structural units (BSU) are flat and can be compared to osteons split longitudinally and spread apart. They form a crescent-shaped structure running approximately parallel to the central axis of the trabeculae, a small rod or lamellar piece of bone tissue. The trabecular surface corresponding to the open Haversian canal adapts to the shape of the trabecula and connects to the bone marrow. The BSUs in the trabeculae are separated from each other by interstitial bone. As in cortical bone, this interstitial bone represents the remnants of older, partially resorbed units.

Each bone structural unit (BSU) contains specialized connective tissue, bone tissue, which consists of a mineralized protein matrix. On a microscopic scale, the arrangement of collagen bundles distinguishes two different types of bones.

In a typical mature skeleton, the bone is of the lamellar type. In this type of bone, the direction of the collagen fibers constantly changes from one layer to the next. Each layer is approximately 3 micrometers thick, and all collagen fibers in the same layer are embedded in the same direction. The lamellar pattern of collagen deposition is quite orderly. Circular layers alternate with longitudinal layers. This changing direction of collagen fibers from layer to layer is responsible for bone birefringence, i.e. the light refractive properties observed under a microscope in polarized light.

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In contrast to the regularity of lamellar bone, woven bone consists of loosely and randomly organized bundles of collagen. This form of bone is the result of irregular, non-polar excretion of protocollagen by osteoblasts, i.e. bone-forming cells. The matrix shows a disorganized, cross-shaped pattern and lacks the characteristic birefringence of lamellar bone in polarized light.

Woven bone is found in the embryonic skeleton and in cortical and cancellous bones during periods of rapid growth. Once bone growth is complete, the woven bone in the normal skeleton is replaced by lamellar bone. However, woven bone is also observed in specific pathological conditions such as Paget’s disease of bone, bone fracture healing, osteogenesis imperfecta, and in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. In adults, the presence of bone tissue represents rapid, unregulated bone formation and high bone turnover, which may be due to local or systemic factors.

It occurs at the ends of long bones, in the pelvis, ribs, skull and vertebrae of the spine

It provides strength while being lighter, reducing stress on the bones by transferring the load to other parts of the bone

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The key difference between cancellous and cortical bone is that cancellous bones form the ends or epiphysis of long bones, while cortical bones form the shaft or shaft of long bones.

The human skeletal system consists of 206 bones. All bones are mainly divided into two categories: cancellous bones and cortical bones. Of these two types of bones, cortical bones make up the majority of the skeletal system (up to 80%), and the rest are cancellous bones.

Cortical And Cancellous Bone In Human Femur.

Cancellous bone is light, porous bone that closes off large spaces, giving them a spongy feel or appearance. It is also known as trabecular or cancellous bone. The bone matrix is ​​made up of

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