What Is Cause Of Blood In Stool – Hematochezia is the presence of fresh, bright red blood cells in the stool and usually indicates bleeding that occurs in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The lower gastrointestinal tract is anatomically defined as the area distal to the ligament of Treitz, a thin band of tissue that connects and supports the end of the duodenum and the beginning of the jejunum. Hematochezia should not be confused with melena, which refers to the passage of black, tarry stool that occurs in the upper gastrointestinal tract near the ligament of Treitz.

Causes of bloody stool in adults typically include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis; hemorrhoids; Bleeding occurs from a diverticulum in the colon. Additionally, peptic ulcer disease and esophageal varices are causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that, in severe cases, can lead to bloody stool.

What Is Cause Of Blood In Stool

Ulcerative colitis is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease that involves an autoimmune attack on the large intestine (i.e. colon), resulting in inflammation and ulceration of the mucosal lining. Severe ulcerative colitis may cause bloody stool due to bleeding from the ulcer.

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Hemorrhoids are swellings of veins in the lower rectum that may be painless or painful, depending on whether they are internally or externally located. This is usually caused by straining during a bowel movement and is associated with obesity and pregnancy. Typically, tension increases pressure in the lower rectum, which can cause blood vessel walls in hemorrhoids to become too thin, resulting in bloody stool.

Diverticulosis is a condition that occurs when small pockets (such as diverticula) form and push outward through the colon wall, causing bleeding. Genetic factors and a high-fat, low-fiber diet can make you more likely to develop diverticulocysts.

Peptic ulcer disease occurs when the protective mucosal lining of the stomach and small intestine erodes due to infection with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If the ulcer is severe, rapid bleeding may occur and there is a risk of hypovolemic shock, so immediate treatment is required.

Esophageal varices are dilatations of the veins in the esophagus due to obstruction of flow through the portal vein, often caused by severe liver scarring. Blood retention may lead to rupture of the esophageal veins, which results in massive blood loss and melena (e.g., black, tarry stools) or hematochezia.

Bleeding In The Digestive Tract

In older adults, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can cause multiple, repeated bleeding, often small hemorrhages. AVMs are vascular lesions that can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the colon, and are associated with aging. chronic kidney disease; Certain types of heart disease, such as aortic stenosis. Less common causes of colonic bleeding in adults include cancer and ischemic colitis (i.e., inflammation of the large intestine).

Causes of bloody stool in newborns include necrotizing enteritis and midgut volvulus. Necrotizing enteritis refers to the necrosis of some tissues in the colon due to reduced blood flow, and midgut torsion occurs when the intestines are twisted during embryonic development.

Signs and symptoms of bloody stool typically include seeing bright red blood in your stool when you flush the toilet or toilet paper, as well as feeling pain or pressure in your rectum. In many cases, individuals with hematochezia may not be aware of their hematochezia and may not report any symptoms. In other cases, depending on the cause and severity of the bleeding, people may experience abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, and even syncope (i.e., fainting). Prolonged bloody stool can cause excessive blood loss, resulting in anemia, which can lead to palpitations, shortness of breath, and fainting. Excessive and rapid blood loss can also cause hypovolemia and shock. Furthermore, bleeding associated with the underlying malignancy (i.e., colon cancer) may result in unintended weight loss.

Hematochezia may be diagnosed from a patient’s medical history if the patient seeks help for blood in the stool or experiences associated symptoms such as fainting or dizziness. Clinicians may ask questions to determine the presence of bleeding, estimate the amount and rate of blood loss, identify causes and potential causes, and determine the severity of the bleeding. Diagnosis involves a full physical examination followed by a more focused digital examination in which a gloved, lubricated finger is inserted into the rectum to feel for anything unusual, such as growths, rectal fissures, or hemorrhoids. Clinicians may order laboratory tests, including hemoglobin levels, to evaluate for anemia. Upper endoscopy and colonoscopy may also be performed, in which a doctor inserts a small tube with a camera through the esophagus and rectum, respectively. This procedure is usually performed under anesthesia and allows the clinician to determine where gastrointestinal bleeding is coming from. Computed tomography (CT) angiography may be done to visualize the source of blood loss, and if active bleeding is present, a nuclear red blood cell scan may be used to find the source of gastrointestinal bleeding. A nuclear red blood cell scan uses a small amount of radioactive material to tag red blood cells (RBCs) so they can be visualized and tracked throughout the body.

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Hematochezia is treated primarily by restoring the individual’s blood volume to prevent hypovolemia and shock, which are medical emergencies. The second step in treatment is usually finding the cause of the bleeding. Then, depending on the site and underlying cause, clinicians may use a combination of medications, endoscopic cauterization (i.e. a procedure that uses a heated probe to block bleeding blood vessels), and surgery. For hemorrhoids, using topical treatments or suppositories containing hydrocortisone may help reduce pain. IBD can be treated with drugs that control inflammation, such as aminosalicylate (such as balsalazide, mesalamine, and olsalazine) or immunosuppressants (such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine).

Diverticulosis is usually treated with supportive care, such as a high-fiber diet, and is likely to resolve on its own. Ischemic colitis may similarly be self-limiting and can be treated with supportive care such as rest and intravenous fluids. In severe cases, antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole, ciprofloxacin) may be given to reduce the risk of infection and necrosis.

AVMs and colon cancer may require the use of more invasive approaches such as endoscopic cauterization and surgery, respectively. Depending on the severity, necrotizing enterocolitis is usually treated with feeding tubes and surgery. Finally, midgut volvulus can be reduced or resolved through surgical intervention.

Hematochezia refers to blood flowing into the stool originating from the lower gastrointestinal tract. It is commonly caused by inflammatory bowel disease, hemorrhoids, and diverticulosis in adults. arteriovenous malformations and colon cancer in the elderly; Necrotizing enteritis and midgut volvulus in neonates and children. Common signs of hematochezia include bright red blood visible in the stool or on toilet paper after wiping. People with hematochezia may feel dizzy and dizzy due to blood loss and may also experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, or diarrhea. Diagnosis is made by an experienced clinician after a thorough interview and physical examination, sometimes colonoscopy, CT scan, and nuclear red blood cell scan. Treatment varies depending on the cause, but generally involves restoring lost blood volume, finding the source of the bleeding, and stopping the bleeding. Medications and topical creams can be used to treat the underlying cause of bloody stool, and more severe cases may require surgery.

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Diverticular disease. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis-diverticulitis#:~:text=Diverticulosis%20is%20a%20condition%20that, call %20this% 20condition%20diverticulum%20disease.

Ishikawa, S., Mukai, S., Hirata, Y., Kohata, A., Kai, A., Namba, Y., Okimoto, S., Fujisaki, S., Fukuda, S., Takahashi, M., Fukuda, T., & Odan, H. (2020). Rectal arteriovenous malformation treated with percutaneous arterial embolization. Gastroenterology Case Reports, 14(1): 7–14. DOI: 10.1159/000505090

Liu, J. J., & Saltzman, J. R. (2009). Endoscopic hemostasis treatment, how should it be performed? Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(7): 484. DOI: 10.1155/2009/857125

Walker, H. K., Hall, W. D., & Hurst, J. W. (Eds.). (1990). Clinical methods: History, physical examination, and laboratory tests (3rd ed.). Butterworth. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK411/ Stool has different texture, shape, and color. It depends on the enzymes, bile and food consumed. However, if your stool contains blood and is red in color, it may indicate something is wrong inside your body.

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The hospital’s general surgeon, Dr. Veerayuht Uaviseswong, M.D. explained that the digestive tract begins in the mouth, extends to the esophageal tube, then to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and finally to the esophagus. anus. Therefore, blood in the stool means there may be bleeding from one of these organs.

If there is an abnormality or bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract, such as the esophagus or stomach, blood is usually vomited rather than excreted through the stool. If there is some bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract, it may bleed.

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