What Disease Causes Too Many White Blood Cells – Stem cells in the bone marrow are responsible for the production of white blood cells. The bone marrow then stores an estimated 80-90% of the white blood cells.

When an infection or inflammatory condition occurs, the body releases white blood cells to help fight the infection.

What Disease Causes Too Many White Blood Cells

Health professionals have identified three main classes of white blood cells: granulocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The following sections discuss these in more detail.

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Granulocytes are white blood cells that contain small granules containing protein. There are three types of granulocyte cells:

Monocytes are white blood cells that make up about 2-8% of the total white blood cell count in the body. They are present when the body fights chronic infections.

According to an article in the American Family Physician, the normal ranges (per cubic millimeter) of white blood cells based on age are:

If a person’s body is producing more white blood cells than it should, doctors call it leukocytosis.

White Blood Cell

If a person’s body is producing fewer white blood cells than it should, doctors call it leukopenia.

Doctors can constantly monitor white blood cells to determine if the body is mounting an immune response to an infection.

During a physical examination, a doctor may measure the white blood cell count (WBC) using a blood test. They may order the WBC to be tested for other conditions that can affect white blood cells or to rule out.

Although a blood sample is the most common approach to testing for white blood cells, a doctor may also test other body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, for the presence of white blood cells.

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The following are conditions that can affect how many white blood cells a person has in their body.

It is an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system destroys healthy cells, including red and white blood cells.

A number of white blood cells called CD4 T cells. When a person’s T cell count decreases

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia occurs when white blood cells are produced too quickly and are no longer able to fight infections.

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Whether a person needs to change their white blood cell count will depend on the diagnosis.

If they have a medical condition that affects the number of white blood cells in their body, they should talk to a doctor about their white blood cell count goals based on their current treatment plan.

A person can lower their white blood cell count by taking medications such as hydroxyurea or leukapheresis, which is a procedure that uses a machine to filter the blood.

If a person’s white blood cell count is low due to cancer treatment such as chemotherapy, the doctor may recommend avoiding foods that contain bacteria. This can help prevent infections.

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A person can also take colony-stimulating factor. These can help prevent infection and increase the number of white blood cells in the body.

White blood cells are an important part of the body’s immune system response. There are different types of white blood cells, and each has a specific function in the body.

Certain conditions can affect the number of white blood cells in the body, causing them to be too high or too low.

Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link to primary sources—including studies, scientific references, and statistics—within each article and list them in the Sources section below our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Clinically reviewed by Suzanne Falk, MD, FACP — By Lori Smith, MSN, BSN, WHNP-BC — Updated January 26, 2024

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White blood cells help fight infection and are essential for health and well-being. Changes in white blood cell levels can occur during infections, in pregnancy, and with some cancers.

A high white blood cell count may indicate that the immune system is working to destroy an infection.

It can also be a sign of physical or emotional stress. People with certain blood cancers may also have high white blood cell counts.

A low white blood cell count may indicate that an injury or condition is destroying cells faster than the body can, or that the body is producing too few of them.

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White blood cells make up about 1% of all blood cells, and they are essential for the normal functioning of the immune system. White blood cells are also known as leukocytes.

Bone marrow continuously produces white blood cells. They are stored within the blood and lymphatic systems until they are needed in the body to fight an infection or disease.

Normally there are between 4,500 and 11,000 white blood cells in each microliter of blood, although this can vary according to sex, age and race.

When needed, monocytes travel to other organs, such as the spleen, liver, lungs, and bone marrow, where they transform into a cell called a macrophage.

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A macrophage is responsible for many functions, including removing dead or damaged tissue, destroying cancer cells, and regulating the immune response.

An increase in white blood cells is called leukocytosis. This is usually in response to the following conditions:

Certain respiratory conditions, such as whooping cough or tuberculosis, can cause elevated white blood cell levels.

In some cases, all white blood cells are affected. However, some people have a specific disease in which only one type of white blood cell is affected.

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If the level of a certain type of white blood cell increases, it may be due to a specific trigger:

Sometimes, there is no identifiable cause for an increase in white blood cells. This is called idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This can lead to serious complications, such as damage to the heart, lungs, liver, skin and nervous system.

During a healthy pregnancy, the level of white blood cells increases significantly because the body is exposed to physical stress during this period. Levels begin to rise within the first trimester and continue to rise into the third trimester.

White blood cells in every microliter of blood. It is in response to physical stress and labor trauma.

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If the level of white blood cells is lower than normal, it may be a sign that the person has reduced immune activity.

The lack of white blood cells is why people with conditions or medications that suppress the immune system are at increased risk of infection.

They develop when too many impure blood cells are produced, causing an imbalance. Myeloproliferative disorders are rare conditions that may or may not be fatal.

The exact implications of high white blood cell counts depend on their condition or cause.

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After noting any symptoms, a doctor may use a blood test to evaluate the white blood cell count, and more tests and examinations are often needed to determine the exact cause of the problem.

Depending on the cause, the doctor may prescribe drugs such as hydroxyurea to quickly lower their white blood cell count. A person may need treatment for an underlying condition such as an infection or leukemia. For example, CML, a type of leukemia, may respond to prescription hydroxyurea to rapidly lower white blood cell counts.

A person has approximately 4,500-11,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood, a white blood cell count that falls outside this range may indicate an underlying condition that causes the body to have too many or too few. Making white blood cells. . If a person’s doctor orders a white blood cell count, they can provide more information about what the test results mean.

Certain conditions that cause a high white blood count can make a person feel tired. Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, where there is no identifiable cause for the high white blood cell count, can cause fatigue and other symptoms. Infections and leukemia can also make a person feel tired.

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A high white blood cell count can indicate many things, such as the immune system working to destroy an infection, a sign of physical or emotional stress, or certain types of cancer.

Pregnancy also leads to higher white blood cell counts, as levels rise from the first trimester into the third trimester. White blood cell levels will also increase in the hours after labor, due to severe stress on the body.

Meanwhile, a low white blood cell count may indicate that an injury or condition is destroying cells faster than the body can. It could also mean that the body is producing too few of them.

Although symptoms will depend on the cause of the high white blood cell count, fluctuating white blood cell counts may cause no symptoms.

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Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. We avoid using tertiary references. We link to primary sources—including studies, scientific references, and statistics—within each article and list them in the Sources section below our articles. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial

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