What Can Cause High Red Blood Cell Count – Polycythemia is a blood disorder characterized by an increase in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the body. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body through the circulatory system. Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, where blood-forming stem cells are stimulated by erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys. Polycythemia can be triggered by either increased production of erythropoietin or excessive division of hematopoietic stem cells, thereby increasing red blood cell production. As a result, the blood thickens, which can lead to congestion of peripheral organs. In particular, the spleen, responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, can enlarge.

Polycythemia is a general term for all conditions resulting in high red blood cell counts, while polycythemia vera is only used to describe primary polycythemia. Primary polycythemia is a rare blood disorder in which the polycythemia does not result from another condition (secondary polycythemia).

What Can Cause High Red Blood Cell Count

The gene codes for a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, which is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to another molecule to help regulate cell division. When there is a

Symptoms Of Anemia You Shouldn’t Ignore

Mutation, this process can become deregulated. As a result, the division and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells are uncontrolled. They can then differentiate into many types of blood cells, primarily red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

On the other hand, secondary polycythemia results from another underlying condition. Secondary polycythemia is most often associated with low oxygen levels due to tissue hypoxia, which can stimulate the kidneys to increase erythropoietin production. Common causes of this hypoxia include high altitudes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cyanotic heart disease. Additionally, conditions that directly affect the kidney (e.g., renal artery stenosis, kidney cysts, and kidney tumors) can also lead to increased erythropoietin production. Side effects of certain hormone-related medications, such as erythropoietin analogs, anabolic steroids, and testosterone, can also cause polycythemia. Rarely, tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, may secrete erythropoietin, causing polycythemia.

Risk factors for all types of polycythemia include obesity, smoking, chronic alcoholism, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension. Specific risk factors for primary polycythemia include being assigned male at birth or being over 50 years old.

The main signs and symptoms of polycythemia include fatigue, headache, dizziness, and episodic blurred vision. Individuals may also experience peripheral tingling, burning, and itching after taking a hot shower or bath. Other signs and symptoms may include hypertension, mucosal cyanosis, bruising, and petechiae (i.e., pinpoint spots on the skin that are red and flat). When palpating the abdomen, an enlarged spleen or liver may be felt.

Morphological Abnormalities Of Red Blood Cells

Polycythemia can also cause complications related to organ congestion and increased thickness or viscosity of the blood. Individuals are at high risk of blood clots, which can lead to deep vein thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina. The rapid turnover of blood cells also increases the production of uric acid in the body, leading to the formation of kidney stones and gout (i.e. uric acid-induced inflammation of the joints). Additionally, the increased inflammation can lead to problems in the gastrointestinal system, including the development of a peptic ulcer. Over time, if polycythemia vera is not well controlled, the bone marrow can fill with scar tissue and red blood cell production will eventually decrease. This can lead to the development of myelofibrosis, a cancer of the bone marrow, accompanied by symptoms such as weakness and fatigue.

Diagnosing polycythemia begins with a thorough review of signs and symptoms and medical history, as well as performing a physical exam. Afterwards, blood tests are usually carried out. A complete blood count can confirm suspicions of an increased red blood cell count, as it will usually show an increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin. With primary polycythemia, the number of white blood cells and platelets may also increase. Genetic testing for

The mutation can also confirm primary polycythemia. Elevated serum erythropoietin levels can confirm several causes of secondary polycythemia. Additionally, imaging, including X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI, could be used to identify the underlying pulmonary or cardiac cause of secondary polycythemia.

The goal of treating polycythemia is to reduce the production of red blood cells. For secondary polycythemia, treatment of the underlying condition is essential. In general, phlebotomy can be used to remove blood from the body and initially reduce the viscosity and volume of the blood. It is then recommended that individuals increase their fluid intake and take aspirin to prevent the formation of blood clots. To suppress the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, treatment may also include myelosuppressive agents, such as hydroxyurea.

Red Blood Cells: Function And Structure

Polycythemia is a blood disease characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells. There are two types, primary and secondary. Primary polycythemia, or polycythemia vera, is usually caused by an acquired disease.

Mutation. Secondary polycythemia is polycythemia developing secondary to another condition that results in increased erythropoietin production and stimulation of hematopoietic stem cells, such as tissue hypoxia, kidney disease, and side effects of certain medications. Common signs and symptoms include fatigue, headache, episodic blurred vision, and dizziness. Diagnosis includes a medical evaluation followed by blood tests that confirm an increase in the number of red blood cells. Treatment includes drawing blood through phlebotomy, increasing fluid intake, taking aspirin, and suppressing the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow or treating the underlying disease.

Haider, M. and Anwer, F. (January 5, 2022). Secondary polycythemia. In StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved January 29, 2022 from https://www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/27405/

Harding, M.M., Kwong, J., Roberts, D., Hagler, D., & Reinisch, C. (2020). Lewis medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems (11th ed.). Elsevier.

Polycythemia: What Is It, How It Differs From Polycythemia Vera, And More

Mayo Clinic. (February 11, 2022). Polycythemia vera – Symptoms and causes. At the Mayo Clinic. Accessed November 29, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycythemia-vera/symptoms-causes/syc-20355850.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (March 24, 2022). Polycythemia vera. At the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Accessed March 29, 2022, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/polycythemia-vera

Pillai, AA, Fazal, S. and Babiker, HM (November 3, 2021). Polycythemia. In StatPearls [Internet]. Retrieved January 29, 2022, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526081/, and is also associated with increased hematocrit (HCT) and hemoglobin concentration. Although some use the term polycythemia interchangeably with erythrocytosis, the two are not synonymous. In specific terms, polycythemia refers to an increase in the number of hematopoietic cells in the blood, whether red blood cells, platelets or leukocytes. An increase in red blood cell count (either relative to changes in body water or an absolute increase in red blood cell mass) is more accurately called erythrocythemia, but this term is not in general use and we currently use the term erythrocytosis instead of polycythemia for a general increase. in red blood cells (whether relative

Absolute), even if it is not entirely correct. Complicating matters is the term polycythemia vera, which specifically refers to a type of chronic myelogenous leukemia that only affects the erythroid lineage or, in other words, chronic erythroid leukemia.

Using New Science To Get Ahead Of Myelofibrosis

An increase in HCT or RBC count can be relative (proportional changes in RBC count relative to plasma water) or absolute (a true increase in RBC count due to erythropoiesis, i.e. i.e. erythrocytosis). The different causes of an increase in the number of HCT or red blood cells can be distinguished. based on clinical signs and signals (dehydration, young horse), response to fluid therapy (relative increases should be corrected with appropriate fluid therapy), total protein concentration (usually increased only with relative increases due to dehydration), detection of hypoxia (arterial blood gas). analysis), cardiovascular and pulmonary evaluation and investigation of the underlying causes of increased red blood cell production, which would lead to an actual increase in red blood cell mass or erythrocytosis (such as liver and kidney disease, including including neoplasia). Measurements of erythropoietin concentrations are rarely performed and are generally not informative (i.e., not useful in distinguishing causes). Bone marrow aspiration is generally not helpful because the marrow exhibits erythroid hyperplasia in all causes of erythrocytosis.

Helped 1.2 million visitors from 220 countries last year find important animal health information. If you enjoy the site, support our mission and consider a small gift to help us keep pace with its rapid growth. You can donate securely via PayPal or credit card. Thank you!Polycythemia (also known as polycythemia) is a laboratory finding in which the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood) and/or hemoglobin concentration are increased in the blood. Polycythemia is sometimes called erythrocytosis, and there is significant overlap between the two findings, but the terms are not the same: polycythemia describes any increase in hematocrit and/or hemoglobin, while erythrocytosis describes a specific increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood. blood.

Absolute polycythemia may be due to genetic mutations in the bone marrow (“primary polycythemia”), physiological adaptations to the virus, medications, and/or other health problems.

Laboratory studies such as serum erythropoitin levels and getic testing may be helpful in clarifying the cause of polycythemia if the patient’s physical examination and history do not reveal a probable cause.

Pdf) Erythrocytosis (high Red Blood Cell Count)

Mild polycythemia itself is often asymptomatic. Treatment for polycythemia varies and usually involves treating its underlying cause.

Treatment for primary polycythemia (see polycythemia vera) might involve phlebotomy, antiplatelet therapy to reduce the risk of blood clots, and additional cytoreductive therapy to reduce the number of red blood cells produced in the bone marrow.

Polycythemia is defined as a serum hematocrit (Hct) or hemoglobin (HgB) exceeding normal limits expected for age and sex, typically an Hct > 49% in a healthy adult and > 48% in women. or an HgB > 16.5 g/dL in a healthy adult or > 16.0 g/dL in

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