What Are The Effects Of Climate Change – Climate change is already having visible effects on the world. The earth is warming, rainfall patterns are changing, and sea levels are rising. These changes can increase the risk of heat waves, floods, droughts and fires.

Climate change affects crop growth and human health, while many people may have to leave their homes. It puts certain species at increased risk of extinction. The effects of climate change are real and already happening.

What Are The Effects Of Climate Change

The level of climate change we see depends on how quickly we reduce emissions of dangerous greenhouse gases. Even if we stopped all emissions today, we wouldn’t prevent some changes. However, the sooner we reduce emissions, the smaller the changes will be.

The Cascading Impacts Of Climate Change

We know that greenhouse gases, aerosol emissions and land use affect our climate. All in all, human activity is warming our planet.

Learn more about these and other climate change indicators in our Global Climate Dashboard and Extremes Dashboard.

In a recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C of global warming. But if we don’t cut emissions quickly, the world is likely to exceed 2°C of warming. By the end of this century, warming could potentially reach 4°C, perhaps more.

Climate change will increase the risk of various problems around the world. Although developed countries produce the majority of greenhouse gas emissions, developing countries are predicted to see most of the severe effects. With fewer resources to adapt to these changes, the impact on people in developing countries is expected to be greater.

Water And Climate Change

The average global temperature has risen by more than 1°C since the 1850s. 2015, 2016, 2017,  2018, 2019 and 2020 were the hottest years on record. The numbers show us that the planet has been warming since the industrial revolution.

This graph shows the change in global temperature from 1850 to 2022, compared to the estimated baseline average temperature from 1850-1900.

A warming planet is leading to many other changes in our climate. As the planet warms, heat waves become more likely. In recent years, heat waves have been the deadliest global weather hazard.

The oceans absorb 90% of the additional heat created by human influence. However, when water is heated, it expands and occupies a larger volume. So when the oceans warm, they also expand, causing sea levels to rise. We also have additional water flowing into the ocean due to melting ice sheets and glaciers. Between 1901 and 2018, the global average sea level rose by about 20 centimeters.

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Some parts of the planet, like the north and south poles, are warming faster than other places. At the poles, glaciers and ice sheets reflect the sun’s energy into space. So when there is less ice, less energy from the sun is reflected. The area then warms even faster, causing even more ice to melt.

The ice in the Arctic is melting fast. It is already 65% ​​thinner than it was in 1975. The area of ​​Arctic sea ice in late summer is currently the smallest in at least 1,000 years. If we don’t cut emissions soon, we could see ice-free summers in the Arctic by the middle of this century.

When ice sheets and glaciers melt, fresh water flows into the sea. In addition to raising sea levels, freshwater also reduces the salinity (saltiness) of water, which can slow or change ocean currents.

The oceans also absorb about 25% of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the air. The oceans then become less alkaline, a process called ‘ocean acidification’. Ocean acidification is bad because it can have negative effects on marine organisms, such as corals and plankton, which are an important part of the food chain.

The Rising Impact Of Climate Change On Human Health

** Marvel et al 2019 provide new evidence that drought has increased in some regions during certain periods since 1900 (with aerosols possibly masking the trend when undetectable), and that this is linked to climate change.

Warmer air can hold more water, so the amount of precipitation increases on average around the world. In some places, the rainfall becomes even more intense. However, some areas have less rain due to changes in wind patterns.

We are already feeling the effects of climate change. Sea level rise is causing problems for people around the world. Almost 4 in 10 people (39%) live within 100 kilometers of the coast and are at risk of flooding if sea levels continue to rise. 600 million of these people live in the ‘low-lying coastal zone’, and 200 million in coastal floodplains.

Even if we cut emissions, sea levels will continue to rise until 2100 (see the Sea Level Dashboard for more information on these projections). But if we reduce emissions enough, we can slow the rate of increase. Many people will have to leave their homes, but the number will vary depending on how we act, by reducing global emissions and improving flood defences.

Climate Change And Its Effects!

Flooding can also occur when heavy rain overwhelms drainage systems or breach river banks. In heavily concreted urban areas and cities, the effect is stronger because water cannot sink directly into the ground. Floods cause serious damage to buildings and transportation, which can be very expensive and difficult to recover from.

As our climate warms and rainfall patterns change, it may be harder to grow enough food in some areas. Climate will change which crops can grow in different regions. Some places may grow new crops, but many places will experience reduced crop production, especially in warmer countries.

Cooler countries are likely to see higher yields because the growing season will be longer and the concentration of carbon dioxide higher. However, these effects may not last if warming continues over the long term. More extreme weather could also disrupt access to food, affecting transport from farms to shops, which can affect vulnerable people.

As you can see, climate change has many effects and affects people around the world in different ways. The level of influence depends on the climate of the area and the wealth of the country. The effects of climate change are ‘stress multipliers’, meaning they often make existing problems worse.

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Let’s look at heat waves, for example. We expect most regions to experience more intense heat waves. In countries that are already hot, the limits of human heat stress will be exceeded more often, which is dangerous.

As another example, increased flooding is another danger. Countries that flood regularly, such as Bangladesh, are expected to experience even more regular flooding, putting more communities at risk.

If our climate continues to change, many parts of the world will become more challenging places to live. People may have to leave their homes. Climate is only one of many factors influencing human migration, but it will play an increasingly important role in the future.

Climate change is causing warming across the UK. All ten of the UK’s hottest years on record have occurred since 2002. Due to climate change, heatwaves such as the one in summer 2018 are now 30 times more likely to occur.

Climate Change And Health

UK winters are forecast to become warmer and wetter on average, although cold or dry winters will occasionally occur. Summers are predicted to become warmer and more likely to be drier, although wetter summers are also possible. By 2050, heat waves like the one seen in 2018 are expected to occur every other year.

Heavy precipitation is also more likely. Since 1998, the United Kingdom has experienced six of the ten wettest years on record. Winter storms in 2015 were at least 40% higher due to climate change.

This tool was created in collaboration with the BBC. It uses our climate projections and records to visualize climate change in the UK.

Even if we cut greenhouse gas emissions, sea levels around the UK will continue to rise beyond 2100. Parts of the UK will be at risk of flooding, with low-lying and coastal cities at particular risk.

Cascading Effects Of Global Climate Change Processes On Tidal Wetlands….

Climate change will also affect UK agriculture. Warmer weather and higher CO2 levels may make it easier to grow some crops or even enable the production of new ones. However, with more droughts expected, access to water may not be as easy, making it difficult for farmers to plan their growing season. Some crops we grow today may also be unsuitable for higher temperatures.

Floods, storms and extreme heat can cause damage to buildings, disrupt transport and affect health. Buildings and infrastructure need to be adapted to the new conditions. Businesses will need to plan according to the changing climate. To help the UK understand what climate change means for the nation, the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment is published every 5 years. More details on the future conditions expected for the UK are available in Climate Projections for the UK (UKCP18).

Our Climate Newsletter shares research and news to bring you the latest updates on climate science. We publish a newsletter twice a month and it is easy to sign up. The effects of human-caused global warming are happening now, are irreversible for humans today, and will worsen as long as humans add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

Potential future effects of global change include

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