Types Of Epithelial Tissues And Their Functions – The term tissue is used to describe groups of cells found together in the body. The cells in the tissue share a common embryonic origin. A closer look shows that the cells in the tissue share biological features and are arranged in an orderly pattern that achieves the tissue’s functions. From an evolutionary point of view, tissues appear in complex organisms. For example, multicellular protists, the earliest eukaryotes, do not have cells organized into tissues.

Although there are many types of cells in the human body, they are organized into four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each of these types has specific functions that contribute to the overall health and maintenance of the body. Disruption of the system is a sign of injury or disease. Such changes can be detected by histology, the microscopic study of tissue appearance, structure, and function.

Types Of Epithelial Tissues And Their Functions

Epithelial tissue, also referred to as epithelium, refers to the layer of cells that cover the body’s surface, internal linings and passageways, and form some glands. Connective tissue, as its name suggests, connects cells and organs together and functions in the protection, support, and integration of all parts of the body. Muscle tissue is smooth, responds to stimulation and contracts to produce movement, and occurs as three main types: skeletal (voluntary) muscle, smooth muscle, and muscle heart in heart. Nervous tissue is also excitable, allowing the propagation of electrical signals in the form of nerves that communicate between different regions of the body (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Four Types of Tissue: Body. Four types of tissues are exemplified in nervous tissue, squamous epithelial cells, cardiac muscle tissue, and connective tissue in the small intestine. Clockwise from the nervous tissue, LM × 872, LM × 282, LM × 460, LM × 800. (Micrographs provided by the Regents of the University of Michigan Medical School © 2012)

The next level is the organ, where many types of tissues come together to form the functional organ. Just as knowing the structure and function of cells helps you in studying tissues, histology will help you understand how organs work. Epithelial and connective tissue are discussed in detail in this chapter. Muscles and muscles will be discussed only briefly in this chapter.

A zygote, or fertilized egg, is a single cell formed by the union of an egg and a sperm. After fertilization the zygote undergoes rapid mitotic cycles, generating many cells to form the embryo. The first embryos produced are capable of differentiating into any cell type in the body and, therefore, are called totipotent, meaning each has the ability to divide, differentiate, and develop into a new organism. As cell proliferation continues, three major cell lineages are established in the embryo. Each of these embryonic stem cells produce different types of cells that eventually form all the tissues and organs of the human body. Each germ layer is identified by its relative: the ectoderm (

– = “inside”). Figure 2 shows the types of tissues and organs associated with each of the three types of bacteria. Note that the epithelial tissue originates in all three types, while the nervous tissue originates from the ectoderm and the muscle tissue from the mesoderm.

Identify The Type Of Borders Found On Epithelial Tissue.

A tissue membrane is a thin sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body (eg, the skin), organs (eg, the pericardium), internal passages that lead to the outside of the body (eg, the stomach. ), and the lining of joint cavities. movers. There are two basic types of tissue membranes: connective tissue and epithelial membranes (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Tissue Story. The two broad types of tissues in the body are (1) connective tissue membranes, which include synovial membranes, and (2) epithelial membranes, which include mucous membranes, serous membranes, and of skin, in other words, skin.

Connective tissue membrane is formed only from connective tissue. These membranes cover organs, such as the kidneys, and line the joints that move. A synovial membrane is a connective tissue membrane that lines a freely movable joint cavity. For example, synovial membranes surround the joints of the shoulder, elbow, and knee. Fibroblasts in the inner layer of the synovial membrane release hyaluronan into the joint cavity. Hyaluronan binds to water effectively to form synovial fluid, a natural lubricant that allows the bones of the joint to move freely with each other without interference. This synovial fluid exchanges water and chemicals with the blood at a rapid rate, as do all body fluids.

The epithelial layer consists of epithelium that is attached to another type of connective tissue, for example, your skin. The mucous membrane is also a complex of epithelial tissue. Sometimes called mucosae, these epithelial layers line the body cavities and small passages that open to the outside environment, and include the digestive, respiratory, excretory, and reproductive tracts. Mucous, the production of epithelial exocrine glands is covering the epithelial layer. The connective tissue, called the lamina propria (literally “skin layer”), helps support the fragile epithelial layer.

Epithelial Tissue And Mammary Gland

It is a serous membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called mesothelium which is supported by connective tissue. These membranes line the body’s coelomic cavities, that is, cavities that do not open to the outside, and cover the organs in these cavities. They are true sacs, with a lining of mesothelium on the inside and connective tissue on the outside. The fluid secreted by the cells of the thin squamous mesothelium lubricates the membranes and reduces friction and friction between the organs. Serous membranes are identified by location. Three serous membranes line the thoracic cavity; the double pleura that covers the lungs and the pericardium that covers the heart. The fourth, the peritoneum, is the part of the abdominal cavity that covers the abdominal organs and forms two sheets of mesenteries that stop most of the digestive organs.

The skin is an epithelial membrane called the cutaneous membrane. It has a smooth squamous epithelial membrane that sits on top of the connective tissue. The apical surface of this membrane is exposed to the external environment and is covered with dead, keratinized cells that help protect the body from damage by bacteria. Although most epithelial cells are a type of tissue on the surface of the body (for example, the skin or the lining of the intestine), some are part of the glandular tissue that produces and secretes products, such as organs and proteins. Most tissues are continuously regenerated by new epithelial cells from epithelial stem cells. In this process, when the surface cells die, new cells are formed in the deeper basal layers. Therefore, young cells get deeper than old cells, which are more superficial.

Epithelial cells usually have three regions or regions in their structure: apical, basal, and peripheral. The apical region is located on the side of the lumen, or external environment. This area often contains structures related to cell function, such as finger-like projections called microvilli found on the intestinal epithelial cells in the small intestine, which increase the amount of space for absorption and transport of water; cilia that move to transport substances in the respiratory tract; and stereocilia to help with hearing and balance in the inner ear. The basal layer is the bottom side of the cell and is adjacent to the basal lamina of the extracellular matrix, which separates the epithelial cell from the surrounding connective tissue. The peripheral region is located on the sides and usually allows connections with neighboring cells.

Epithelial cells provide connections between neighboring cells, structural support, and more. There are four main types of cell membranes that are located on the opposite side of the cell: cells, cells, desmosomes, and resmactions. There is one type of junction between epithelial cells and connective tissue, called hemidesmosomes.

Difference Between Epithelial And Connective Tissues?

The surface epithelium is classified according to the number of layers, cellular structure, and function. There are three types of epithelial: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous. Cuboidal epithelial cells are shaped like a cube and have a spherical nucleus in the middle. Columnar epithelial cells are long, rectangular in shape, and have an oval-shaped nucleus in the basal region. Squamous epithelial cells are slightly round, often elliptical and flat in shape, with a small nucleus in the middle.

Epithelial cells can also be organized into single or multiple layers. There are two types of tissues with a single layer of cells: simple and complex. Simple epithelial cells have a single layer of cells in a single row; An example of this type of tissue is the simple cuboid epithelium. This is in contrast to pseudostratified epithelial tissues, which consist of irregularly shaped cells; An example of this type of tissue is pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Both types often involve specialized cell types that are located between epithelial cells, such as secretory goblet cells found in the mucosa.

Epithelial cells can have two or more types of cells, known as stratified epithelium. Epithelial tissues have two further classifications: keratinized and interstitial. Keratinized expressed epithelium that

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