The Impact Of Energy Efficiency On Las Vegas’s Economic Development – Sustainability is a key principle for pharmaceutical companies in 2020. However, translating corporate goals into meaningful improvements can be challenging, especially when competing factors such as complex technical requirements or ambitious project plans are involved.

This article describes the formal Energy Efficiency Design (EED) process that has been used across all industries in Ireland since 2014 and discusses the benefits of incorporating this type of study into the design process. Improving efficiency in a highly regulated environment can be challenging, but companies in even the most regulated industries in Ireland (eg pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals and semiconductor manufacturers) are embracing the methodology.

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This article is based on the authors’ experience in a number of projects and in the development of the Irish Standard I.S. 399, 1, which establishes energy efficient planning as a management system (complementing ISO 9001 and ISO 50001). It provides companies with a solid strategy for achieving energy, environmental, quality and competitive goals.

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The energy efficiency project study is a plan-do-check-act management method similar to ISO management standards; however, an organization can use an energy efficient design study for individual projects or use it on an ongoing basis. The core philosophy is to compare the asset being purchased, built or upgraded from an energy perspective and try to reduce energy consumption in a practical and affordable way.

Energy-efficient design methodology works well for organizations that are accustomed to systems thinking, even if they do not have an official certification.

When a project team adheres to energy efficient design principles early in the project timeline, it often leads to significant capital savings, which in some cases can be greater than the energy savings from more efficient operations. An additional benefit of an energy-efficient design is that it often provides improvements in device throughput. For example, heat recovery projects, especially when applied to the main process, can provide reductions in heating and cooling time in addition to energy savings.

The challenge and analysis parts of an energy efficient design study are analogous to a hazard and operability (HAZOP) study – a methodical, logical process with clearly defined steps and deliverables.

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In Ireland, the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) has developed energy efficient design for industry over the past 14 years. It was originally intended to check the design of the project in terms of energy and water consumption.

Standard Energy Efficient Design Management published in 2014, I.S. The 3991 was developed by SEAI, the National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) and industry energy efficiency experts. It helps open energy issues early in investment projects and aims to control energy consumption throughout the project’s life cycle. I.S. 399 approach can be used in all sectors, organizations and projects.

Like other standards for energy management systems, I.S. 399 certification is possible, but not mandatory. Some organizations get I.S. 399 certificate proving that they have implemented an energy management system; others choose to implement the standard solely because of the benefits it provides.

In Ireland, implementing an energy efficient design process under the SEAI Excellence in Energy Efficiency Design (EXEED)2 program supports the funding of energy saving measures in major capital projects. SEAI has been officially leading the EXEED program since 2016. Before that, energy efficient design was carried out by a small group of companies (e.g. Pfizer, Novartis, Leo Pharma, Astellas) on a project-by-project basis.

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The Irish Environment Protection Agency Act 1992 requires businesses to adhere to the use of best available technology to reduce or eliminate emissions from operations, and the use of energy efficient design complements this requirement.

The sooner energy-efficient design is implemented for a project, the greater its potential impact on both capital and life-cycle costs (see Table 1). Ideally, energy efficient design should start at the User Requirements Specification (URS) stage and be continuously updated as new information becomes available.

It is important to note that an energy efficiency design professional (a person competent in the energy efficiency design process, technology and target areas of a project) does not need to have all the information (ie a fully detailed plan) to have a positive impact. The first evaluation of the energy balance is often treated as a Fermi problem to determine the extent of energy consumption and demand and to identify important energy consumers. This allows progress to the challenge and analysis steps in the shortest possible time frame to allow the maximum number of opportunities to be included in the scope of the project. This can be followed by the refinement of the energy balance study and the updating of the energy savings register (active document).

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) are well-known rating systems for certifying sustainable buildings. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design was introduced in 1998 by the US Green Building Council and has become increasingly popular worldwide, including in Ireland.3

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Because these rating systems were designed for the construction of sustainable buildings, their processes do not include detailed process interrogation. For example, using an E&E design leader will help justify the use of the most efficient chiller in its class, but the E&E design process will not lead to the question of whether glycol at -30°C is actually needed. The core expertise and experience of leadership in energy and environmental design is in the construction industry, while energy efficient design project managers will have expertise in a specific process area of ​​the project. There is no reason why Energy Efficient Design and Energy and Environmental Leadership Design cannot be applied to the same project as they have very different areas of focus.

Renewable (and low carbon) energy options should be reviewed after the initial design for energy efficiency review is complete (ie once all opportunities that will reduce the asset’s energy consumption have been identified and key ones included in the scope); then the most suitable technology of renewable energy sources can be selected and dimensioned. If the order of these steps were reversed, the choice of renewables might be inappropriate (e.g. biomass steam boiler instead of hot water heat pump/solar device) or too large (if the base load is significantly reduced, the regulation in the renewable technology is not sufficient ) and inefficient operation occurs).

The asset analyzed in the energy efficiency planning process must be well defined and include all energy services related to the project (ie desired outcomes that require energy consumption). Where possible, it should also be defined by a physical boundary. An identified asset can be extended beyond a specific project (eg it can be extended to an entire building or site rather than the space in which the new equipment will be installed).

The Project Implementation Plan (PEP) is an auditable document that provides a clear overview of the project. It must contain design requirements for energy efficiency and energy management, and specify the project’s objectives for energy efficient design and energy measurement, monitoring and reporting requirements.

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In particular, a list of identified risks and opportunities is a useful precursor to the challenge and analysis process. This analysis is the first opportunity to challenge the process design and is the earliest point in the process where significant changes and benefits of energy efficient design can be achieved.

Energy Efficiency Planning (DfEP) is a process comprising an energy balance study phase, a challenge and analysis phase and a design project implementation phase.

The energy balance study should be completed at the URS level and updated as new information becomes available. It provides a baseline against which energy efficient design savings are typically recorded and should use all available information to maximize the return on energy efficient design efforts. The starting point depends on the type of project (e.g. Greenfield, Brownfield or replacement) and at what stage the energy efficient design is implemented (e.g. before or after URS, before or after the contract). In the analysis, the process is reviewed and significant energy consumption is identified – this will provide focus for the challenge and analysis phase.

When conducting an energy balance study, the challenge and analysis phase must be considered. Initial questions may relate to the following questions:

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Identifying the right energy service requires a certain skill set or mindset. The challenge and analysis build on the results of the energy balance study. Ideally, it should be completed as soon as possible, in several workshops. For each significant energy use, an energy service is established and then tested against each layer of the Venn diagram (Figure 2). The process and equipment layers could have their own Venn diagrams if it were appropriate to analyze the system to this level of detail.

The energy saving register is the output of the challenge and analysis phase. Energy saving opportunities are then evaluated and accepted or rejected by stakeholders. The best energy efficient design analysis ensures that opportunities can be extended beyond the project team to relevant stakeholders.

Planning for Energy Management (DfEM) aims to ensure that best practice in energy management is incorporated at the design stage. Energy management design provides a systematic approach within the design life cycle to manage energy consumption in operation and is

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