Low White Blood Cell Count And Bruising – Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disorder that causes low platelet counts leading to abnormal bleeding and bruising. .

There are three types of blood cells formed in the bone marrow: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Platelets are small sticky cells that circulate in the blood. After an injury, platelets form the first plug that helps prevent excessive bleeding and bruising, and prevents blood from leaking out of the vessels. . .

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In healthy people, the normal platelet count ranges from 100 to 400 (x 109/l). A platelet count lower than 100 is called thrombocytopenia. Many patients with ITP may have very low platelet counts, sometimes in the single digits. . .

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Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disorder. It occurs when the immune system does not recognize platelets as healthy body tissue and treats them as harmful foreign objects. As a result, immune cells attack and destroy platelets leading to low platelet counts. It can happen after a viral infection, vaccination, or taking certain medications. However, in most cases, the exact cause of ITP cannot be determined with certainty. .

When ITP develops suddenly, it is called acute ITP. If a low platelet count caused by ITP lasts more than three months, it is called persistent ITP. When the platelet count does not return to normal after 12 months, it is called chronic ITP. .

ITP is usually diagnosed when a blood count shows a low platelet count even though the structure of platelets and other blood cells look normal under a microscope. .

Because low platelet counts occur in other conditions, our doctors may also recommend other blood tests to rule out other causes of low platelet counts, including liver diseases and viral infections such as dengue fever. .

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If ITP continues, additional blood tests may be performed to rule out other abnormalities such as rare blood clotting and immune diseases that look like ITP. .

A bone marrow biopsy may also be performed at this stage. During a bone marrow biopsy, a small needle is inserted into the patient’s long bone, preferably the hip bone, to obtain a bone marrow sample. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. The bone marrow sample is examined under a microscope. The normal appearance of the bone marrow along with the presence of higher or normal numbers of platelet stem cells called megakaryocytes can help confirm the diagnosis of ITP. .

Patients with immune thrombocytopenia with platelet counts higher than 50 may not show any signs of the disease. Low platelet counts are often detected during routine blood tests in these cases. .

Patients with mild ITP usually do not require aggressive treatment. However, their platelet count needs to be monitored regularly. .

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ITP treatment aims to raise platelet count and suppress the body’s immune system to reduce platelet destruction. .

First-line treatments for ITP include steroids, such as prednisolone and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). These substances help reduce the immune response and thus prevent platelet destruction. .

Rarely, patients may be advised to have their spleen removed (splenectomy). This is rare today due to the development of new treatments. .

Tranexamic acid should be used to reduce bleeding symptoms, for example after dental treatment such as tooth extraction. Tranexamic acid can also be prescribed in combination with hormonal preparations for women with heavy menstruation. .

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Platelets produced by your bone marrow are normal. ITP is the result of the immune system destroying these healthy platelets. If you receive a transfusion of platelets, they will also be destroyed by your immune system within minutes or hours. However, they can be used in an emergency if bleeding is severe because they can help form blood clots. .

Please notify our doctor if you plan to have any procedures such as biopsies, tooth extractions, or surgery. Our doctor will recommend blood tests to check your platelet count and recommend necessary treatments to minimize the risk of bleeding during and after the planned procedure. . .

You should avoid medications that can affect platelet function, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antiplatelet drugs such as ibuprofen, clopidogrel, and aspirin. Also avoid drugs that interfere with blood clotting such as heparin, rivaroxaban and warfarin. . .

If use of these medications is necessary before or after any test or procedure, our physicians will evaluate whether to continue taking the medication or recommend an alternative. . .

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You should also inform our doctor before starting to use over-the-counter medications, including herbal supplements. . .

The information on the Clinical Hematology Center website is intended for educational purposes only. It should not be considered or used as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment from a qualified healthcare professional.

If you have any questions about your condition or would like to schedule an appointment, simply fill out the form and we will contact you as soon as possible. There are several types of leukemia, and the signs and symptoms you experience will vary depending on the type you have.

All people with leukemia will have some degree of cytopenia, which is a deficiency of mature blood cells. This is because when abnormal leukemia cells grow in the bone marrow, they crowd out the cells normally produced there.

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A deficiency in white blood cells, which are the foundation of the body’s immune system needed to fight infections, can lead to infections that don’t go away.

Low blood platelet count is another common problem faced by people with cytopenias. Platelet deficiency can cause excessive bruising or bleeding, frequent or severe nosebleeds, and bleeding gums.

People with acute forms of cancer often notice more symptoms because the disease progresses more quickly. People with chronic leukemia may not know they have cancer until they have routine blood tests.

Some symptoms of leukemia are vague and general, making it a difficult cancer to detect. (twelfth )

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Some people with leukemia will not experience symptoms for a long time, while others will experience problems soon.Suriya Siritam/Alamy

The symptoms you experience will depend on whether your disease is chronic or acute leukemia and the type of blood cells it affects. But some symptoms overlap and are common in all forms of cancer.

Most symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) occur because a person lacks enough normal blood cells. Problems caused by low blood cell counts include:

If leukemia cells accumulate in the liver and spleen, you may feel full after just eating a small meal or notice a swollen belly.

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A subtype of ALL can affect the thymus, a small organ in the middle of your chest. An enlarged thymus can cause coughing or difficulty breathing. It can also press on the superior vena cava (SVC) – a large vein in your body. If this happens, blood can pool in the veins and cause a serious condition characterized by swelling in the face, neck, arms and chest; headache; dizzy; and change in perception. (4 )

If acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, called blasts, are present in very high numbers, they can cause a serious condition called leukopenia, which literally means slowing down of the blood flow. normal blood due to obstruction. This can lead to symptoms such as:

Some people with AML may have bone or joint pain if leukemia builds up in the bone marrow in these areas.

If AML spreads to the skin, it can cause spots that look like a rash. Certain types of AML can affect the gums, causing pain, swelling, and bleeding. Enlarged lumps under the skin of the neck, groin, armpit or collarbone are a sign that cancer has spread to your lymph nodes.

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When cancer cells accumulate in the liver or spleen, these organs can enlarge and cause abdominal swelling or a feeling of fullness.

People with a certain type of AML, called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), may have bleeding and clotting problems.

People with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), sometimes also called small lymphocytic lymphoma, may not have any symptoms when the cancer is diagnosed. Over time, they may gradually notice certain problems.

CLL is a cancer of the B lymphocytes, which normally help fight infection. People with CLL may also have high or low white blood cell counts. Because their bone marrow produces too many abnormal blood cells, they don’t have enough healthy cells. As a result, they may have frequent infections that do not go away on their own.

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Bruising, bleeding, frequent nosebleeds and bleeding gums can occur when you lack platelets in your blood.

If CLL affects your liver or spleen, you may feel full after just a small meal or have abdominal swelling.

The most common sign of CML is an abnormal white blood cell count in a blood test. Very high or low white blood cell counts can lead to frequent infections that are difficult to cure.

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