Low Red And White Blood Cell Count – Blood cell disorders are conditions that affect any of your blood cells—that is, your red and white blood cells, and even your platelets. All of these cells are made in your bone marrow. Although some disorders disrupt the function of one of these cells, they can also disrupt many blood cells and their given function. .

Below are some common blood conditions that affect one’s blood cells and platelets. To help our patients better understand each condition, we’ve included symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for each of these benign blood conditions.

Low Red And White Blood Cell Count

What is anemia? Anemia is a blood cell disorder that affects the function of your red blood cells. If you suffer from anemia, your body lacks enough healthy blood cells to carry oxygen to the rest of your body. Anemia is sometimes called low hemoglobin. .

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Signs and symptoms related to anemia depend on the severity and type of anemia you have been diagnosed with. In addition, anemia can sometimes be asymptomatic. However, some symptoms that may indicate anemia include:

Anemia is often associated with specific vitamin and mineral deficiencies, chronic conditions, and intestinal disorders. In addition, other risk factors for anemia include pregnancy, menstruation, age, and family history of anemia.

To diagnose anemia, our hematologists may recommend a complete blood count (FBC), which will tell us about the level of red blood cells in your blood.

If it is due to a dietary deficiency, supplementation of the deficient nutrients (folate, iron or vitamin B12) may be sufficient. If there are other causes, treatment will need to be directed accordingly.

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Iron deficiency anemia is a common form of anemia when the body lacks iron to produce hemoglobin.

Some common symptoms of iron deficiency anemia are general fatigue, unusual weakness, pale skin, tingling sensation in the legs, swelling and soreness of the tongue, brittle nails, and frequent headaches.

Iron deficiency anemia usually results from low dietary intake, anemia, increased iron requirements during pregnancy, and decreased absorption of iron from one’s diet. Risk factors for iron deficiency include age, genetic conditions and lifestyle choices.

Our hematologists may recommend several tests to diagnose iron deficiency anemia. These tests may include a complete blood count (FBC), an iron profile, and additional diagnostic tests, such as colonoscopy and endoscopy to rule out any bowel causes.

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Treatment options for iron deficiency anemia may include oral iron supplements, intravenous iron infusions, and red blood cell transfusions.

You can find more information about iron deficiency anemia, its symptoms, risk factors and treatment options here.

Aplastic anemia is a rare and serious condition when the body produces insufficient blood cells. This causes the body to feel tired and can increase the risk of both uncontrolled bleeding and infections.

Some risk factors for aplastic anemia include exposure to toxic chemicals in cancer treatment, radiation or chemotherapy, certain prescription medications, pregnancy and autoimmune disorders.

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Treatment for aplastic anemia depends on the patient’s age and the severity of the condition. Treatment aims to restore blood cell production. If the condition is mild it may resolve on its own without treatment, although this is not very common. Patients need blood and platelet transfusions to prevent and control infections.

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of red blood cells. Abnormal blood production means that the affected person does not make enough functional red blood cells.

There are several types of thalassemia, and the most common forms are alpha and beta thalassemia. Clinically, patients with thalassemia may present with thalassemia minor or thalassemia major.

Symptoms of thalassemia can vary, and some people have no visible symptoms, while others develop symptoms later in adolescence. Some of the most common symptoms include:

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For our hematologist to diagnose thalassemia, they may recommend a full blood count (FBC). Other specific blood tests such as hemoglobin electrophoresis and red cell genotyping are needed to clarify the diagnosis of thalassemia and determine the thalassemia subgroup.

Depending on the type of thalassemia you are diagnosed with, treatment options may vary – some forms of thalassemia do not require treatment. However, if you need treatment, our hematologists may recommend iron chelation, blood transfusions, bone marrow or blood stem cell transplants.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a blood vessel located deep in the body, usually in the leg or arm. This results in a complete or partial blockage of blood flow through the vein, causing the affected limb to become painful, red and swollen.

Various risk factors increase the chances of developing deep vein thrombosis. These include prolonged bed rest or prolonged sitting, age, overweight, smoking, cancer, heart failure, genetics, birth control pills and pregnancy.

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An ultrasound is commonly used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis. This allows our hematologists to check whether your blood is flowing normally through the veins.

The recommended treatment is an anticoagulant, a drug that will thin the blood and prevent the clot from getting bigger and breaking off and causing a pulmonary embolism. The blood clot will dissolve naturally in your body over time.

Pulmonary embolism refers to a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) deposits itself in a blood vessel in the lungs. A PE usually starts as a clot in a deep vein in the leg (also called deep vein thrombosis or DVT) that breaks off and flows to the lungs. If not treated quickly, this can be a life-threatening condition.

Some common symptoms of pulmonary embolism include difficulty breathing, coughing up blood, and chest or upper back pain.

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The most common risk factors for pulmonary embolism include inherited conditions (blood clotting disorders), long-term immobilization, and a history of cancer or receiving chemotherapy.

Our hematologists may order specific blood tests (including a test known as D-dimer), an ECG, a pulmonary angiogram, a chest X-ray, and other diagnostic tests to detect pulmonary embolism. are

Depending on the patient’s overall health, different treatment options may be recommended for pulmonary embolism. These include anticoagulant medications, compression stockings, and thrombolytic therapy.

You can find more information about pulmonary embolism, its treatment options, and the potential risks and side effects of anticoagulant medications here.

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Immune thrombocytopenia is an autoimmune disorder that causes low platelet counts, resulting in abnormal bleeding and bruising.

Patients with immune thrombocytopenia who have a platelet count greater than 50 have no symptoms of the disease. A low platelet count is usually detected in these cases during a routine blood test. People with very low platelet counts may have symptoms such as petechiae (pin prick rash), hives, purpura (purple spots on the skin), nose and gum bleeding, heavy periods and fatigue.

Some risk factors for immune thrombocytopenia include sex, which has been found to be more common in women, and diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Patients with immune thrombocytopenia who have a platelet count greater than 50 have no symptoms of the disease. A low platelet count is usually detected in these cases during a routine blood test.

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Patients with mild ITP usually do not require any active treatment. However, their platelet count should be monitored regularly. Treatment for ITP aims to increase the platelet count and suppress the body’s immune system to reduce platelet destruction.

First-line treatments for ITP include steroids, such as prednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). These help by reducing the immune response and preventing the destruction of platelets.

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is one of the most common bleeding disorders that occurs due to low levels or malfunctioning von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the blood.

Symptoms of vWD can either be too mild to be noticed or more severe and frequent. Symptoms can begin at any age and include lumpy lesions, blood in the urine and stool, and prolonged bleeding. Additionally, patients with vWD may experience anemia-like symptoms, such as weakness and fatigue.

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To diagnose von Willebrand disease, our hematologists may ask questions about your family history. In addition, our doctor will check for unusual injuries and perform a blood test to determine how your blood clots.

Currently, there is no cure for vWD. However, the condition can be controlled using medications and other therapies such as antifibrinolytic agents, desmopressin, and replacement therapies.

Hereditary red cell disorders are disorders that are passed down genetically. The two most common types of inherited red cell disorders are sickle cell disease and thalassemia. .

A genetic mutation causes thalassemia, and these mutations interfere with the normal production of hemoglobin in the body. As mentioned, without sufficient hemoglobin, oxygen is unable to reach the rest of the body. Without adequate oxygen, your organs will not be able to function properly. This can result in conditions such as an enlarged spleen, heart problems, bone deformities, and delayed growth and development in children. .

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Thalassemia is usually treated with blood transfusions and folic supplements. a stick

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