Impact Of Brain Drain On Economic Development – Imagine this: you were born in a small village in the countryside of Vietnam. You are excellent at school and learn English quickly. You decide you want to be a doctor. After high school, you receive a fully funded scholarship through your government to study medicine in Australia. But there is one condition: you must return to Vietnam and be a doctor in your country for at least five years. Why do you think this law exists for scholarships?

In this scenario, the reason the scholarship requires the student to return home is based on the stereotype that skilled professionals who migrate to rich countries never return. While this is a generalization, it is one of the most widely known myths about the phenomenon known as brain drain. Despite the negative connotations, brain drain has both advantages and disadvantages and can benefit both rich and poor countries.

Impact Of Brain Drain On Economic Development

Brain drain, also known as human capital drain, is the migration of highly skilled workers and educated people such as engineers, doctors, scientists and economists from a country of origin to a country of destination.

Brain Drain Pdf

The British Royal Society coined the term brain drain after observing the competition from developed countries for highly skilled workers in the field of information and communication technology in the 1960s. However, the brain drain is not only the loss of highly trained professionals, but also an educated population.

It is useful to consider why highly skilled and educated people leave their country of origin. Economic or political turmoil may be the reason. People also leave in search of higher-paying jobs, more fulfilling work, or because there are too many skilled workers and not enough jobs.

It is believed that human capital, especially educated labor, is the greatest asset of a country. Therefore, some theorists believe that the loss of this asset will reduce economic growth, reduce the wages of low-skilled workers, and thus increase poverty. While brain drain occurs between wealthier countries, it is more often discussed in less wealthy countries around the world. Some people also argue that emigration of highly educated people means less chance for the country to make scientific advances and other prestigious scientific achievements. Highly skilled or educated workers who migrate may also have difficulty finding jobs. They may be forced to take on unskilled jobs they wouldn’t normally do, which is called “brain drain.”

Others believe that the effects of brain drain are not only negative. The “optimal brain drain” theory argues that immigration for higher wages encourages more people to pursue higher education. Some people end up staying, which in turn improves the educational status of the country. Other positive effects of brain drain come from sending part of one’s income to expatriates’ families, known as remittances. This will stimulate the economy. In addition, some people return to their home country after living and working abroad. Not to mention, while living abroad, they can encourage people to visit their country, which benefits the tourism industry.

The Threat Of Brain Drain: Causes, Implications, And Solutions

We must accept the pros and cons of brain drain to ensure the right to freedom of movement protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Countries do not own their own skilled workers and ultimately, these people are allowed to leave their country if necessary.

Furthermore, keeping skilled workers in a country does not solve all economic problems. For example, in Venezuela, political and economic dysfunction is the only reason people are leaving. Even if those people stayed, their presence would not make things better. Therefore, in certain circumstances, attention should not be paid to brain drain, but attention should be paid to the conditions and factors that led to its occurrence in the first place. Countries can also focus on how they can improve the situation in their own countries to encourage migrant workers to return. As in Turkey, a study of graduates returning from Germany found that half of this group started their own businesses. It should also be noted that returnees from advanced democratic countries can be a positive voice of change and a catalyst for the development of their country.

Brain drain is often presented in a negative light, but it is important to consider its positive effects while acknowledging that each country’s situation is different. Since we live in a globalized world, it is equally important to consider both sides of the impact. For those planning to live or work abroad, immigration is ultimately an individual decision. Finally, we should consider the human capital debate of skilled workers versus “unskilled workers.” This is classist and devalues ​​”unskilled” workers, especially when the presence of skilled workers in a country does not automatically improve the economic disadvantage.

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Brain Drain’ Is Threatening Countries’ Economic Growth

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Immigration Policies Based On Skill Are Discriminatory

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By Alejandro Vega-Muñoz Alejandro Vega-Muñoz Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, Paloma Gónzalez-Gómez-del-Miño Paloma Gónzalez-Gómez-del-Miño Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2 and Juan Felipe-Cispiano Espiano Cristia Scilit Preprints. org Google Scholar 3, *

Brain Drain And Economic Growth: Evidence Of Productivity Growth From Brain Circulation

Received: January 15, 2021 / Revised: March 11, 2021 / Accepted: March 12, 2021 / Published: March 15, 2021

For more than 50 years, researchers have been documenting the phenomenon of brain drain, which has produced scientific literature. After three decades of slow but steady progress, the literature of this concept has accelerated its progress and growth in line with the ninth sustainable development goal of “building resilient infrastructure, promoting sustainable industrialization and fostering innovation”. Current theoretical trends in the analysis of the phenomenon of international migration of advanced intellectual human capital This study uses a scientometric method on a set of 1212 articles indexed to JCR-WoS from social sciences. The period covered by this study is from 1965 to 2020. This article seeks to understand how researchers have studied the concept of brain drain over the past 55 years in various disciplines. This report covers 99 categories of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) index. The results show that a critical mass of scientists are studying the phenomenon of brain drain. This analysis shows thematic trends in sources, discourses and integrates classic works and some novel authors. Those new researchers and theoretical trends lead to a renewed focus on analysis beyond highly developed countries. Such a move is a new challenge in this line of research towards studying the effects of brain drain in the periphery of knowledge production.

An official definition of brain drain is the definition given by the Educational Resources Information Center-ERIC Thesaurus [1] as “the loss of highly skilled or educated individuals from one country, region, institution, or occupational sector to another, based on a better situation.” Offers. payment, improvement of living conditions, expansion of opportunities, among others”. Many local and global influences govern brain loss internationally [2]. The loss of educated people can be associated with the lack of institutional capacity to attract and use advanced intellectual capital [3]. This phenomenon reduces the intellectual capital of the country of origin, but at the same time increases the political instability and fragmentation of that country [4]. Its measurement focuses on immigration of highly educated nationals, but mainly on doctors

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