Energy-efficient Building Envelopes For Las Vegas’s Desert Climate – There are several well-known principles that guide the design and construction of most zero-energy homes. One that is often overlooked is “right-sizing.” Right sizing involves designing the home to meet the occupants’ needs in as little space as possible to reduce energy and material use while maintaining all the amenities and functions of a larger home. Another overlooked principle is efficient, high-precision manufacturing that reduces waste and improves air tightness. Builders and home buyers are increasingly taking advantage of the many benefits of factory production. Many traditional designers and builders think these basic tenets of small size and factory production are outside the box. One of the companies that boxes these is Nevada-based Boxabl.

While panelized construction has been around for decades, Boxabl prefab takes the flat-pack construction package three steps further. The panels on all six sides of the boxes are hinged together and ready for use in the field within a few hours. Their houses are small and easy to move, and they have all the amenities; and they must meet zero-energy-ready standards for energy efficiency in most climates.

Energy-efficient Building Envelopes For Las Vegas’s Desert Climate

Energy-efficient Building Envelopes For Las Vegas's Desert Climate

Boxabl’s first product is the Casita, a 20′ x 20′ home fully equipped with kitchen, appliances, bathroom, water heater and mini-split heat pump. All electrical and plumbing has been done. The flat roof is strong enough for an attic, and future models will combine two or more foundation boxes for larger areas and multi-storey buildings.

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The building envelope is made of steel, concrete and rigid expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation. Walls with six-inch-thick EPS insulation, no thermal bridges and little air leakage promise a very low heat loss rate. Space heating and cooling is provided by a high efficiency mini split heat pump. The building envelope contains no lumber or drywall, reducing the likelihood of moisture damage, rot and mold. Boxabl is built to withstand hurricane force winds and the exterior finish is fire resistant. The standard package is intended to be zero energy ready in most climates and will achieve full zero energy status with the addition of solar panels.

The Casita is advertised at a price of $49,500, not including permits, site work, plumbing connections or foundation. The company estimates this work will contribute approximately $50,000 or more to the total package, but this figure will vary by location. Solar panels will also be an extra cost.

The factory-packaged box measures 8.4 inches x 20 inches x 11 inches and is transported on a trailer that can be pulled by a large pickup truck. Small package can be delivered to anywhere in the world. Boxabl estimates shipping costs between $2 and $4 per mile from its Las Vegas factory.

Each Casita is built to local modular home codes and complies with local zoning requirements. Customers are required to own a small plot of land and engage an approved local installer referred by the company who will facilitate the site preparation and development process. Once the box is installed, additions such as a garage or pitched roof can be made.

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Boxabl’s first factory in Las Vegas, Nevada is being prepared and will soon begin shipping production models. There are already more than 40,000 people on the waiting list. The company is looking for investors and partners to establish other factories around the world; so we hope the Casita will be available in your area soon.

Keep your finger on the pulse of what’s happening in the Net Zero and Green Building Environment. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 established §179D Energy Efficient Commercial Building Deduction as a tax incentive to encourage energy efficient design. It is applicable to both newly constructed and renovated buildings, targeting the building envelope as well as HVAC and lighting systems. The §179D Deduction is available to commercial building owners as well as engineers, architects, and other designers of buildings owned by government agencies and other tax-exempt organizations in Nevada. » Learn about the §179D Deduction for 2022 and earlier.

For buildings placed in service in 2023 and later, the maximum §179D Deduction is up to $5.00 per square foot.

Energy-efficient Building Envelopes For Las Vegas's Desert Climate

The §179D Deduction can be taken every three tax years (four in some cases) if the building is placed in service in 2023 and later.

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Architects, engineers and other designers in Nevada can benefit from design work at tax-exempt organizations. Rebate grants may be available from public agencies, §501(c) organizations, and other tax-exempt organizations for buildings placed in service in 2023 and later.

For buildings placed in service from 2006 to 2022, the §179D Deduction allows building owners to claim up to $1.80 per square foot. If the taxable year begins after 2020, $1.80 per square foot will be adjusted for inflation ($1.82 for 2021 and $1.88 for 2022).

To qualify, newly constructed or renovated buildings must meet or exceed ASHRAE standards for HVAC, building envelope and interior lighting. The §179D Deduction is available to commercial building owners as well as engineers, architects, and design contractors of government-owned buildings. The building may be newly constructed or equipped with system improvements. Parking lots and residential buildings with four or more floors may also be eligible.

ICS Tax may perform energy modeling and site visits to determine the amount of the §179D Deduction. Our service also includes coordinating with tax preparers, obtaining mandates for the §179D Deduction from government and other tax-exempt entities if necessary, reporting a change in accounting method when necessary, and providing free audit support.

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ICS Tax, LLC (ICS) is a consulting firm that provides innovative tax planning strategies. ICS collaborates with taxpayers and tax professionals to identify credits and incentives that reduce tax liabilities and increase profitability. We serve Las Vegas, Henderson, Reno, North Las Vegas, Sparks, and all other cities in Nevada and nationwide.Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Special Issues Guides Publication Process Research and Publication Ethics Article Processing Fees Awards References

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Feature articles represent cutting-edge research with the potential to create high impact in the field. A Feature Article should be a significant original Article that covers a variety of techniques or approaches, provides an insight into future research directions, and describes possible research applications.

Energy-efficient Building Envelopes For Las Vegas's Desert Climate

Feature articles are submitted by individual invitation or on the recommendation of scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from reviewers.

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Editors’ Choice articles are based on recommendations from scientific editors of journals around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be of particular interest to readers or important in the relevant field of research. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the journal’s various research areas.

Antonio Cánovas-Saura Antonio Cánovas-Saura Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar * , Andrés Cabrera-Lozoya Andrés Cabrera-Lozoya Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar and Javier Padilla Javier Padilla Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar *

Submitted Date: 28 February 2023 / Revised Date: 14 March 2023 / Accepted Date: 16 March 2023 / Published Date: 17 March 2023

Possibilities to achieve efficient building temperature control through colored coatings while maintaining a wide range of aesthetic options were evaluated. The use of colored bilayers, in which the inner layer offers strong solar absorbing or reflecting properties, while the outer layer provides visible coloration, represents a convenient way. A representative set of twenty bilayers covering a wide color palette was examined in two configurations, static and dynamic. The dynamic configuration allows the inner layer to switch between absorbent and reflective states. The simulations were conducted in a total of nineteen locations around the world representing the major habitable climates according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Comparative results were obtained between climate regions where this approach could have a significant impact, and suitable climate regions were identified. The use of the simpler static configuration is recommended for tropical climates, while the dynamic configuration may be effective in temperate climate locations (within the arid or temperate climate classification). For cold climates, possible savings are negligible.

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Major efforts are currently being made to reduce world energy consumption. Buildings account for a significant percentage of this consumption, especially in developed countries. Half of energy consumption in the European Union is related to heating and cooling, and 80% of these loads are met by buildings [1] (European Council, 2018). Much of this energy is produced through the burning of fossil fuels, increased greenhouse gases and other harmful climate impacts. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reduce both the percentage of fossil fuels used and the energy consumption of the building simultaneously.

Building envelopes as a means of any energy exchange

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