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Diagram Of Human Skeleton With Major Bones Labeled

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Functions Of Our Skeletal System

Human skeleton, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bones and cartilages. There are also bands of connective tissue (ligaments and tendons) that are in close association with parts of the skeleton. This article is primarily concerned with the general structure and function of the normal adult human skeleton.

The human skeleton, like other vertebrates, consists of two main parts, each of which has different origins and each has its own unique characteristics. These are (1) the axial region, which includes the vertebral column (spine) and most of the skull, and (2) the appendicular region, to which the pelvic (hip) and pectoral (shoulder) girdles and the bones and cartilages of the limbs are attached. belong to. A third subdivision is discussed in this article as part of the axial skeleton; internal organs, including the lower jaw, some elements of the upper jaw, and branchial arches including the hyoid bone.

This is clearly seen when considering the relationship of these subdivisions of the skeleton with the soft parts of the human body, such as the nervous system, digestive system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system and voluntary muscles of the muscular system. It is understood that the functions of the skeleton are of three different types: support, protection and movement. Of these functions, support is the most primitive and oldest; Likewise, the axial part of the skeleton was the first to develop. The vertebral column, corresponding to the notochord in lower organisms, is the main support of the trunk.

The central nervous system is largely located within the axial skeleton; the brain is well protected by the skull and the spinal cord by the vertebral column through the bony neural arches (bone arches surrounding the spinal cord) and intervening ligaments. .

Types Of Bones

A distinctive feature of humans compared to other mammals is the upright posture. In a way, the human body resembles a walking tower that moves on pillars represented by legs. Tremendous advantages have been gained from this upright posture; the most important of which is that the arms are free for a wide variety of uses. However, the upright posture caused a number of mechanical problems, especially weight bearing. These problems had to be met by adaptation of the skeletal system.

Protecting the heart, lungs, and other organs and structures in the chest poses a slightly different problem than the central nervous system. These organs, whose functions are movement, expansion and contraction, must have a flexible and elastic protective cover. Such covering is provided by the bony thoracic basket, or ribcage, which forms the skeleton of the chest wall, or ribcage. The connection of the ribs to the breastbone (sternum) is in all cases a secondary connection provided by the relatively flexible costal cartilages. Small joints between the ribs and vertebrae allow the ribs to slide over the vertebrae during breathing and other activities. Movement is limited due to ligaments between the ribs and vertebrae.

The third general function of the skeleton is movement. The majority of skeletal muscles are tightly attached to the skeleton, usually at least two bones and in some cases many bones. Thus, the movements of the body and its parts, from a football player’s lunge to a craft artist’s precise manipulations or a scientist’s use of complex tools, are made possible by separate and individual engineering arrangements between them. muscle and bone.

In this article, the parts of the skeleton are explained in terms of their shares in these functions. The bone disease article describes disorders and injuries that can affect the human skeleton. The skeletal system includes all the bones, cartilages, and ligaments that support and shape the body and body structures. The skeleton consists of the bones of the body. There are 206 bones in the adult skeleton. Young individuals have more bones because some bones fuse during childhood and adolescence to form an adult bone. The basic functions of the skeleton are to provide a rigid internal structure that can support the weight of the body against the force of gravity and to provide a structure through which muscles can move to create movements of the body. The lower part of the skeleton is specialized to provide stability during walking or running. In contrast, the upper skeleton has greater mobility and range of motion; It has features that allow you to lift and carry objects or rotate your head and torso.

Classwork Photo Album

In addition to providing support and movement of the body, the skeleton also has protective and storage functions. It protects internal organs, including the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs and pelvic organs. The bones of the skeleton serve as the primary storage site for important minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Bone marrow, located inside the bones, stores fat and contains the body’s blood cell-producing tissue.

The skeleton is divided into two main parts: axial and appendix. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It helps protect the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for the muscles that move the head, neck, and back, as well as the muscles that move the relevant limbs through the shoulder and hip joints.

The axial skeleton of an adult person consists of 80 bones, including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage. The skull consists of 22 bones. There are also seven additional bones associated with the head, including the hyoid bone and the ear ossicles (three small bones in each middle ear). The spine consists of 24 bones, each called vertebrae, as well as the sacrum and tailbone. The rib cage includes 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, which is the flattened bone of the front of the chest.

The appendicular skeleton includes all the bones of the upper and lower extremities, as well as the bones connecting each extremity to the axial skeleton. There are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton of an adult human. The bones of the additional skeleton are covered in a separate section.

An Overview Of The Appendicular Skeleton

Figure 1. Axial and Additional Skeleton. The axial skeleton supports the head, neck, back and chest and thus forms the vertical axis of the body. It consists of the skull, the vertebral column (including the sacrum and coccyx), and the rib cage formed by the ribs and sternum. The appendicular skeleton consists of all the bones of the upper and lower extremities. The skeletal system includes all the bones, cartilages, and ligaments that support and shape the body and body structures. bones of the body. There are 206 named bones in the adult skeleton. Young individuals have more bones because some bones fuse together during childhood and adolescence. The primary functions of the skeleton are to provide a rigid internal structure that protects internal organs and supports the weight of the body, and to provide a structure through which muscles can move to enable movements of the body. The bones of the skeleton also serve as the primary storage site for important minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Bone marrow, located inside the bones, stores fat and contains the body’s blood cell-producing tissue.

The axial skeleton forms the vertical central axis of the body and includes all the bones of the head, neck, chest and back (Figure 7.1.1). It helps protect the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for the muscles that move the head, neck, and back, as well as the muscles that move the corresponding limbs by moving across the shoulder and hip joints.

The axial skeleton of an adult human consists of 80 bones, consisting of the skull, spine and ribcage. The skull consists of 22 bones. There are also seven additional bones associated with the head, including the hyoid bone (located at the top of the neck) and the ear ossicles (three small bones located in each middle ear). The spine consists of 24 bones, each called vertebrae, as well as the fused vertebrae of the sacrum and tailbone. The rib cage includes 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum, which is the flattened bone of the rib cage.

Figure 7.1.1 – Axial and Appendicular Skeleton: The axial skeleton supports the head, neck, back and chest

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