White Blood Cells And Protein In Urine Causes – White blood cells (WBC) are also called leukocytes. They protect the body from infection by fighting foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Phagocytes and lymphocytes are forms of white blood cells (WBC).
Phagocytes swallow foreign particles such as bacteria. Lymphocytes recognize foreign particles based on previous encounters. Lymphocytes form our body’s adaptive immunity. They also produce antibodies that bind to foreign particles, so they can be recognized for destruction.
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White Blood Cells And Protein In Urine Causes
Since leukocytes help fight disease and infection, high levels of leukocytes in the urine may indicate an infection or inflammation of the bladder or kidney. This means the body is trying to fight a urinary tract infection. It could also indicate damage to the ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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It could also indicate a kidney stone. A high number of leukocytes in the urine can also indicate high blood pressure, diabetes, or other kidney disease. A consistently high leukocyte count in the urine can affect the kidneys or bladder. Excess leukocytes that were killed or damaged while fighting an infection are expelled by the body in urine.
For this reason, the presence of leukocytes in urine does not always mean an infection. The normal range of leukocytes in urine is 0-5 WBC/HPF. In women, the size of the urethra is smaller compared to men, which is why more leukocytes are found in the urine of women than men. Pregnant women also tend to show leukocytes in the urine.
During pregnancy, the leukocyte count may rise suddenly in the urine. One of the reasons may be due to a contamination of the vagina. Other reasons may be an increased level of protein excreted in the urine and bladder infection. It is recommended to consult a gynecologist, if leukocytes are reported frequently in a routine urine analysis.
Kidney problems can cause an increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine. The infection starts in the urinary tract and spreads to the kidney. These infections are called pyelonephritis, which can affect any part of the kidney system. It can affect the bladder, urethra, and urethra. People with compromised immune systems and those using urinary catheters are at increased risk of developing pyelonephritis.
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Kidney stones also prove dangerous because the stones contain calcium salts, which can interfere with the passage of urine through the ureter. The obstruction can lead to a bacterial infection and the presence of leukocytes in the urine.
Having sex allows the migration of bacteria into the urinary tract, thereby increasing the leukocyte count in the urine.
In most cases, when the bladder is full, there is an urge to urinate to empty the bladder. In some cases, when urine is not completely released or when there is a delay in urination, the urine that remains in the bladder acts as a good media for bacteria to thrive on. Then this would cause the bladder to become infected with bacteria leading to an increase in the number of leukocytes in urine.
The most common causes of urinary tract infections are kidney stones, prostatic hypertrophy, and pelvic trauma. Due to this blockage, the urinary system is damaged, thus causing leukocytes to appear in the urine. Sometimes, a person can also notice blood in the urine.
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Interstitial cystitis is also known as bladder pain syndrome. It causes bladder pressure and pain, as well as excessive urination that leads to urinary tract infection and an increased number of leukocytes in the urine.
1) Lower UTI Symptoms – The most common symptoms include dysuria or acute pain, frequent urination, urgency, and incontinence. Hematuria or blood in the urine and a foul-smelling or cloudy urine may also be present.
2) Upper UTI Symptoms – In addition to the above symptoms, patients may also exhibit symptoms of suprapubic pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT).
A urine sample is usually tested for white blood cells or leukocytes, red blood cells (RBC), bacteria, and other substances. When the urine is positive for bacteria, a urine culture is done to identify the type of bacterial infection.
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This is the first step in diagnosing a urinary tract infection (UTI). A microscopic examination is done to look for pyuria (pus in the urine) and hematuria (blood in the urine). Pyuria is usually present in most women with UTI and in some with urethritis. A clean mid-stream urine sample is examined to assess for pyuria.
Urinalysis is the most accurate way to diagnose bacteriuria (bacteria in the urine) in symptomatic women. The presence of bacteria in urine is not considered a single criterion for the diagnosis of UTI. Three acceptable methods of urine collection are clean midstream catch, catheterization, and suprapubic aspiration.
Ten or more leukocytes per cubic milliliter of urine is considered normal. Women with UTIs have higher than normal leukocyte counts per cubic milliliter. In centrifuged samples, more than 8-10 WBC/HPF indicates an infection.
If at least one bacterium is present on an oil field from a clean catch and uncentrifuged urine sample, it indicates the probability of 10.
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Bacteria/ml urine or more. A Gram stain of urine smear is also a quick, inexpensive, and accurate method of identifying bacteria in urine. However, a low bacterial count in the lower urinary tract may be associated with a negative gram stain.
White cell plaques are strong evidence of pyelonephritis. However, its absence does not exclude an upper urinary tract infection. In the absence of infection, white blood cells can also be seen in kidney disease.
A dipstick test is performed to detect leukocyte esterase or nitrite reductase in the urine. It is a commonly used test. Leukocyte esterase is an enzyme produced by leukocytes. This test detects the presence of leukocytes and other abnormalities associated with infection. The presence of leukocyte esterase indicates pyuria while nitrite indicates bacteriuria. A positive dipstick test should be considered a positive screen, but a negative test result does not exclude the diagnosis of UTI in a patient with a high risk of infection.
Stems can take up certain substances such as leukocyte esterase and nitrite in the urine. Both of these substances are indicators of infection. If the urine tests positive for nitrite, it indicates a bacterial infection, although it does not pick up all the bacteria present in the urine. If the urine test is negative for leukocyte esterase, it means an infection is very likely.
Leukocytes In Urine: A Sign Of Urinary Tract Infection?
If the leukocyte esterase test is positive and nitrite is negative, it may still mean an infection. These cases can be attributed to poor hygiene or incorrect techniques used while collecting the urine sample. It can lead to false results such as the presence of bacteria in the urine without actually being present in the urinary tract.
To avoid a false positive result, the area around the urethral opening should be rinsed with clean water before collecting the sample. Men should keep the foreskin and women should keep the labia aside. Urine should be collected half of the initial amount of contaminated urine.
Most doctors would prescribe antibiotics for UTI treatment. Doctors may recommend a longer course of antibiotics in cases of frequent UTIs. In the case of a serious kidney infection, it is necessary to closely monitor the patient, or else the condition may become life threatening.
Kidney tumors or stones can be removed through surgery. Surgery is usually required when larger stones are involved. Rocks are broken using sound waves. Treatment options for tumors may include surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
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Small kidney stones can be flushed out of the system by increasing the amount of water intake. An increased fluid intake can also help flush out bacteria present in the urinary tract. They should take at least two liters of water every day.
Taking antibiotics too often can increase the risk of the body developing antibiotic resistance in certain types of bacteria. A natural approach is always the best. The following are some of the natural ways to relieve urinary tract infections:
Research shows that cranberries are an antibiotic alternative. It can help in the treatment and prevention of UTIs. The hippuric acid present in cranberries is said to have an antibacterial effect against bladder infections. Cranberry extract can also lower calcium levels in cases of kidney stones.
However, a review of the scientific evidence confirms that cranberries may not be very effective in the form of juice to reduce the occurrence of UTIs. Therefore, it is not actively recommended by doctors.
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The arbutin content in the berry is converted into an antibacterial compound called hydroquinone, which has been used for centuries to treat UTIs. It cleans the urinary tract, fights infections, and treats kidney stones. However, it was found that hydroquinone can potentially damage the liver. So consult the doctor first before taking it.
A diet high in oxalate is thought to be responsible for kidney stones. Some examples of foods high in oxalates are spinach, Swiss chard, kale, dried figs, peanuts, nuts and sesame seeds. Foods that are low in oxalates include onions, zucchini, avocados, limes, cherries, coconut, ginger, beef, chicken, and eggs.
Goldenseal is an antimicrobial herb. The active ingredient in goldenseal is berberine. However, more research is needed to prove its potential to treat UTI.
Fresh fruits and vegetables can help prevent the accumulation of oxidants,
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