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If you have experienced a UTI, then you know that this burning, painful and uncomfortable condition is nothing to mess with. That’s why experts at Harvard Medical School have created a guide to help you protect yours. This guide explains how a UTI starts and ways to help prevent the infection. It covers factors that increase risk at all ages, how UTIs are diagnosed, and how they are treated. The guide also discusses the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and how it affects treatment for UTI.
Contents
Uti Symptoms But No Bacteria In Urine
First, there’s the seemingly constant feeling of having to go to the bathroom—and then there’s the burning sensation when you urinate. Those who have had one—or more—recognize these as classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI), the most common infection in the United States. Although the symptoms are unpleasant and sometimes embarrassing, UTIs are usually resolved quickly with a course of antibiotics. Still, they lead to millions of medical office visits and billions of dollars spent on diagnosis and treatment. And for some people, UTIs keep coming back with frustrating frequency.
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A UTI occurs in part of the urinary system, which includes the urethra, bladder, ureters and kidneys. Almost all UTIs are bacterial, mostly caused by Escherichia coli, which normally plays a vital role in maintaining the digestive system y, but can cause infection if it enters the urinary tract. Smaller numbers of UTIs may be caused by yeast, a type of fungus.
Bladder infections (lower UTIs), which lead to more than 8 million medical office visits each year, are also known as acute cystitis. Bladder infections are more common than kidney infections (upper UTIs), but kidney infections tend to be more severe and more likely to lead to hospitalization. Every year, around 250,000 people are diagnosed with a kidney infection, also called pyelonephritis.
Most women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime, and many have more than one. Young women (between 14 and 24 years) and older women (post-menopausal) are at greatest risk for UTI.
Prepared by the editors of Harvard Publishing in consultation with Lisa M. Bebell, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital. (2022)
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Menopause lowers estrogen levels, which alters bacterial populations in the reproductive and urinary tracts and thins the lining of the urethra. These changes can increase the risk for UTI. Older women are also more likely to have chronic medical conditions that can increase the risk, such as diabetes, dementia, limited mobility, or urinary incontinence.
Several studies have shown that the use of vaginal estrogen cream reduces the risk, and some doctors recommend it. These creams can help because estrogen strengthens the lining of the urethra and bladder and also makes the genitourinary area more acidic, which discourages the growth of E. coli and other bacteria.
Older women are more likely than younger ones to be admitted to a hospital or long-term care facility, where they may face urinary catheterization, a risk factor for UTI.
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Antibiotic treatment for older women depends on whether the infection is uncomplicated or uncomplicated. Women with complicated UTIs often have other risk factors, such as poorly controlled diabetes or urinary tract abnormalities, which reduce the odds of successful treatment. Therefore, complicated UTIs often require longer courses of antibiotics than do uncomplicated cases.
Although the risk of UTI is much lower for men than for women, men’s risk gradually increases after about age 60. Rates in men 80 and older are similar to in women of the same age. UTI is the most common bacterial infection in older men, and hospitalizations are more common in older men as well, although complications and death are rare.
• benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a swelling of the prostate gland (which is below the bladder) which can obstruct the normal flow of urine.
When an older man with no history of urinary catheter use or previous UTI develops a UTI, experts sometimes recommend evaluation of the entire urinary tract to rule out any structural or functional problems. This usually involves an ultrasound, a CT scan, or both. In addition to BPH, men can have kidney stones or a condition called urethral stricture, in which the urethra has become marked and narrow (usually without an identifiable cause). Antibiotic treatment for older men with a UTI usually lasts seven to 14 days, although newer studies suggest that less severe UTIs can be cured with shorter treatment. In those who have a kidney infection, hospitalization may be necessary if the infection has spread to the blood, a dangerous condition known as sepsis.
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Sometimes a UTI that is not cured by antibiotics can invade the prostate, leading to prostatitis, an infection that can also have other causes. Even with antibiotic treatment, bacteria can continue to live in the prostate, so it is important to identify a prostate infection and get appropriate antibiotic treatment, which is usually given for four to six weeks.
Most people take bladder and bowel control for granted – until something goes wrong. It is estimated that 32 million Americans have incontinence, the unintentional loss of urine or feces that is significant enough to make it difficult for them to maintain good hygiene and carry out an ordinary social and work life. The good news is that treatments are becoming more effective and less invasive. This Special Report,
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Urinary Tract Infections Are Very Common, But Shouldn’t Be Taken Lightly
Get helpful tips and guidance for everything from fighting inflammation to finding the best diets for weight loss… from exercises to build a stronger core to cataract treatment tips. PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and discoveries from Harvard Medical School experts. A urinary tract infection is a very common type of infection in your urinary system. It can involve any part of your urinary system. Bacteria – especially E. coli – are the most common cause of UTIs. Symptoms include the need to pee often, pain while peeing and pain in your side or lower back. Antibiotics can treat most UTIs.
The most common urinary tract infection symptoms cause peeing problems. However, you may also have flu-like symptoms or pain around your affected areas.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection of your urinary system. This type of infection can involve your:
Urine (pee) is a byproduct of your blood filtering system, which your kidneys perform. Your kidneys create pee when they remove waste products and excess water from your blood. Pee normally moves through your urinary system without any contamination. However, bacteria can enter your urinary system, which can cause UTIs.
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UTIs are very common, especially in women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB). About 20% of AFAB people will have a UTI at some point during their lives. Men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB) can also get UTIs, as can children, although it affects only 1% to 2% of children. Health care providers treat 8 million to 10 million people each year for UTIs.
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A UTI causes inflammation in the lining of your urinary tract. Inflammation can cause the following problems:
Microorganisms – usually bacteria – cause urinary tract infections. They typically enter through your urethra and can infect your bladder. The infection can also travel up your bladder through your ureters and eventually infect your kidneys.
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Anyone can get a urinary tract infection, but you’re more likely to get a UTI if you have a vagina. This is because the urethra in AFAB people is shorter and closer to the anus, where
Yes, it is possible to get a UTI from your finger. Your hands can collect bacteria and other microorganisms whenever you touch a surface. You can accidentally introduce bacteria into your urethra when you go to the bathroom or during sexual acts, including masturbation or fingering.
It is a good idea to wash your hands before and after going to the bathroom or having sex.
If you have symptoms of a urinary tract infection,
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