Structure And Function Of The Digestive System – Embark on a fascinating journey through the alimentary canal with our guide to the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system. Nursing students, enjoy the complexity of the processes that turn snacks into energy and let your curiosity guide your research.
The organs of the digestive system can be divided into two main groups: those that form the alimentary canal and auxiliary digestive organs.
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Structure And Function Of The Digestive System
The alimentary canal, also called the gastrointestinal tract, is a continuous, hollow muscular tube that passes through the abdominal body cavity and is open at both ends. Its organs include the following:
Digestive System Chapter 18 Functions Of The Digestive System.
The role that teeth play in food processing needs little introduction; we chew, or chew, opening and closing the jaw and moving it from side to side while constantly moving food between the teeth with the tongue.
Namely, the digestive system takes in food (takes it in), physically and chemically breaks it down into nutrient molecules (digests) and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream, then rids the body of indigestible residues (defecate).
The activities that take place in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus are swallowing food, breaking down food and propelling food.
The sight, smell and taste of food stimulate reflexes of the parasympathetic nervous system, which increase the secretion of gastric juice by the gastric glands.
Medical Terminology Of The Gastrointestinal System
What ends up being delivered to the colon contains some nutrients, but that residue still has to spend another 12 to 24 hours there.
Changes in the digestive system associated with aging include decreased salivary volume, decreased esophageal and gastric motility, decreased gastric emptying time, decreased intrinsic factor production, and decreased intestinal absorption, motility, and blood flow. In addition, tooth enamel becomes harder and more brittle, making teeth more susceptible to breakage.
Teaching about health promotion for the elderly includes preventive dental care and effective oral hygiene, proper nutrition and sufficient fluid intake, regular bowel maintenance and the importance of colorectal cancer screening.
Marianne leads a double life, working as a nurse during the day and as a writer at night. As an outpatient nurse, she has honed her skills in providing health education to her patients, making her a valuable resource and study guide writer for aspiring nursing students.
Digestive System 1
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Nicholas Carr Hightower Senior Consultant, Department of Gastroenterology, Scott and White Clinic and Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas. Contributor to “Probe” in Best and Taylor, The Physiological Basis…
Harvey J. Dworken, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Author Gastroenterology: Pathophysiology and Clinical Applications et al.
Digestive System Model Demonstrating Sequence And Length Of Organs
William T. Keeton Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 1969–80. Author of Biological Science; Elements of biological science.
Encyclopedia Editors Encyclopedia editors oversee subject areas in which they possess extensive knowledge, either from years of experience working on that content or through advanced degree studies. They write new content and review and edit content received from contributors.
Human digestive system, the system that in the human body serves for the digestion process. The human digestive system primarily consists of the digestive tract or a series of structures and organs through which food and liquids pass during their processing into forms that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The system also consists of structures through which waste passes in the process of elimination and other organs that contribute to the juices needed for the digestive process.
The abdominal organs support and protect the bones of the pelvis and chest, and are covered by the greater omentum, a fold of peritoneum that is mainly composed of fat.
Observe The Diagram Of The Human Digestive System. The Labels I To Iv Represent The Different Parts Of The Digestive System. Match The Correct Part Of The Digestive System In Column I
The digestive tract begins at the lips and ends at the anus. It consists of a mouth, or oral cavity, with teeth, for grinding food, and a tongue, which is used for mashing food and mixing it with saliva; throat or pharynx; esophagus; belly; the small intestine, which consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum; and the colon, which consists of the cecum, a closed pouch that connects to the ileum, the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon, which ends in the rectum. Glands that contribute to digestive juices include the salivary glands, gastric glands in the lining of the stomach, the pancreas, and the liver and its appendages—the gallbladder and bile ducts. All these organs and glands contribute to the physical and chemical breakdown of ingested food and the final removal of indigestible waste. Their structures and functions are described step by step in this section.
Little food digestion actually takes place in the mouth. However, through the process of mastication, or mastication, food is prepared in the mouth for transport through the upper part of the digestive tract to the stomach and small intestine, where the main digestive processes take place. Chewing is the first mechanical process that food undergoes. The movements of the lower jaw during chewing are initiated by the masticatory muscles (masticatory, temporal, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles and buccinator). The sensitivity of the periodontal membrane that surrounds and supports the teeth, and not the strength of the chewing muscles, determines the strength of the bite.
Chewing is not necessary for proper digestion. However, chewing aids digestion because it breaks down food into small particles and mixes it with saliva secreted by the salivary glands. Saliva lubricates and moistens dry food, and chewing saliva distributes it over the food. Movements of the tongue towards the hard palate and cheeks help form a rounded mass or bolus of food.
The lips, the two fleshy folds that surround the mouth, consist of skin on the outside and mucous membrane, or mucosa, on the inside. The mucous membrane is rich in mucus-secreting glands, which together with saliva provide adequate lubrication for the needs of speech and chewing.
What Are The Different Parts Of The Digestive Tract? — Colorectal Clinic Of Tampa Bay
The cheeks, the sides of the mouth, continue with the lips and have a similar structure. A distinct fat pad is located in the subcutaneous tissue (tissue under the skin) of the cheek; this pad is especially large in infants and is known as a sucker’s pad. On the inner surface of each cheek, opposite the second upper molar, there is a slight elevation that marks the opening of the parotid salivary gland, which is located in front of the ear. Right behind this gland, there are four to five mucus secretion glands, the ducts of which open opposite the last molar.
The oral cavity is concave and consists of the hard and soft palate. The hard palate consists of the horizontal parts of the two palatine bones and the palatal parts of the maxilla, i.e. the upper jaw. The hard palate is covered with a thick, somewhat pale mucous membrane that is continuous with that of the gums and is attached to the upper jaw and palatine bones by a tough fibrous tissue. The soft palate is continuous with the hard palate in front. The back is continuous with the mucous membrane that covers the bottom of the nasal cavity. The soft palate consists of a strong, thin, fibrous sheet, the palatine aponeurosis, and the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine muscles. A small protrusion called the uvula hangs freely from the back of the soft palate.
The floor of the mouth can only be seen when the tongue is raised. In the central line, there is a prominent, raised fold of the mucous membrane (frenulum linguae) that connects each lip to the gum, and on each side of it is a slight fold called the sublingual papilla, from which the ducts of the submandibular salivary glands open. From each sublingual papilla, a ridge (plica sublingualis) goes outwards and backwards, which marks the upper edge of the sublingual (under the tongue) salivary gland and where most of the ducts of this gland open.
The gums consist of a mucous membrane connected by thick fibrous tissue to the membrane that surrounds the jawbones. The gingival membrane is raised and forms a collar around the base of the crown (exposed part) of each tooth. Rich in blood vessels, the gum tissue receives branches from the alveolar arteries; these vessels, called alveolar because of their relation to the alveoli dentales or dental cups, also supply the teeth and the cancellous bone of the upper and lower jaws, in which the teeth are situated. Hungry? Does your stomach rumble? You smelled a whiff of freshly cut fruit and now your mouth is watering?
Colon (large Intestine): Anatomy, Function, Structure
This is when your digestive system is primed and ready to go to work breaking down food into smaller molecules so that nutrients can be easily absorbed. Here’s some food for thought:
The digestive system is complicated. It has multiple organs; both mechanical and chemical processes are at play; a lots of
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