Climate Change And Its Effect On The Environment – This article is written by Divya MB, a BCom LL. Student B (Honours) at School of Excellence in Law (SOEL), Dr. Ambedkar Law University Tamilnadu, Chennai.
Global Warming and Climate Change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. National events and human activities are believed to contribute to rising average global temperatures. This is mainly due to the increase in “greenhouse” gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O and CFCs. Climate change affects all regions of the world. The polar ice caps are melting and sea levels are rising. In some parts, extreme weather events and rainfall are becoming more common, while in others droughts and more extreme heat waves are occurring. These impacts are expected to worsen in the coming decades. Global warming is expected to have various effects on the oceans.
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Climate Change And Its Effect On The Environment
Current effects include rising sea levels due to thermal expansion and melting of glaciers and ice sheets, and warming of the ocean surface, leading to increased temperature stratification. Another impact is the alteration of ecosystems and habitats, as climate patterns change rapidly, habitats on land and within the sea are changing, making them inhospitable to a few species, while allowing others to come in and take over. In some cases, entire ecosystems are at risk of collapse. The polar bear could disappear in the wild If the pace of global warming cannot be slowed, the polar bear could disappear in the wild. Depending on the sea ice, the animal uses it as a floating platform to catch its prey. Experts believe that Arctic sea ice is melting at a rate of 9% per decade, endangering the habitat and existence of the polar bear.
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Climate is a meteorological condition of the place or area; conditions of temperature, precipitation, wind, etc. The term “climate” describes the general average pattern of weather in a place over a period of years. Climatologists usually consider a period of 30 years to evaluate the climate of any place. Climate is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and name. It is characterized by parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind and rain. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather conditions for a given area.
Until the mid-20th century, the Earth’s climate was generally considered unchanged, but it is now known to be in a state of continuous and delicate change. Change is a fundamental characteristic of the environment. As the climate has been changing, minor changes in the climate would have a massive effect on basic resources like food, water, etc. Factors that influence global climate are the amount of solar energy the Earth receives, the condition of the atmosphere, the shape and rotation of the Earth, and the currents and other processes of the ocean. The environment is heating up and this trend will continue. By 2050, scientists predict that the world will warm on average between 1.5ºC and 4.5ºC. A working group created by the WHO warned that climate change can have serious consequences for human health. Climate change will increase several current health problems, and may also bring new and unexpected ones.
The average weather of an area is called climate. Climate is the average of general climatic conditions, seasonal variations, and climate extremes in a region over a long period, at least 30 years. Since the beginning of this century, it is evident that there has been an increase in the average global temperature of around 0.5ºC. The increase in temperature on Earth is called “Global Warming”. If warming is allowed to increase, it will lead to several adverse effects on the Earth. In 1998, the world’s average temperature was recorded at 58ºF, the highest of the century.
The 1992 Climate Change Convention defines “adverse effects on climate change” in Article 1(1); “Climate change” has been defined in article 1(2). And Article 1(3) of the Convention deals with the “Climate System”.
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In 1992, the Earth Summit was held, attended by 154 member states in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. At the same time, the United Nations had prepared a draft on climate change, which it called the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” (UNFCCC). This convention is also known as the “Framework Convention on Climate Change” (CFCC) or “Convention on Climate Change” (CCC). It is an international environmental treaty. This Convention consists of 23 articles and 154 nations signed this convention. As of 2020, there are 197 member states of this convention and India became a party to this convention in the year 1992.
“Stabilize the concentration of GHG in the atmosphere at a level that prevents the interference of anthropogenic activities with the climate system, where the level must be achieved by ensuring the following conditions:
Summit on Global Warming”. The Kyoto Protocol is a multinational treaty that expands the UNFCCC. Orders member states to reduce greenhouse gas emissions mentioned in Part I and reduce the level of global warming, mentioned in Part II. The Protocol came into force in 2005. Currently, the Protocol consists of 192 member states. India ratified the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and consequently several laws, including the “Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 1997”.
The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol is stated in Article 2, which is to “minimize the level of global warming and reduce the concentration of GHGs in the world’s atmosphere.”
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The Paris Agreement is established within the framework of the UNFCCC. The agreement came into force in 2016. Currently, almost 190 parties to the UNFCCC are parties to the Paris Agreement. India is one of the parties to this agreement where it is the country followed by China in emitting CO2 among the other members of the UNFCCC.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was established for a period of two years i.e. from 1990 to 1992. The IPCC published the following evidence on climate change, greenhouse effect and recent change in global temperature.
The G8 summit was held in Hiligendamamm, Germany, in June 2007. The G8 countries agreed to address four issues related to climate change. They are:
The G20 is a multinational forum for central bank governors and governments. The main objective of the G20 is to create cooperation between the major industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues of the global economy.
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This Forum was introduced in the year 2009. India is one of the leading economies in this forum. The main objective for launching this forum was to increase the supply of clean energy and mitigate GHG emissions.
The OECD was formed in 1961. It is an intergovernmental economic organization. The vital role that the OECD plays is to discuss environmental problems and the management of natural resources in a sustainable way.
The IEA is an intergovernmental organization formed in 1974 within the framework of the OECD. The role of the IEA is to respond to physical disruptions to oil supplies and to provide any information related to international oil markets and other energy sectors.
The main cause of recent climate change is the release of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), into the atmosphere, and includes human activities such as land use change and fuel burning. fossils. The adverse impact of climate change in the form of decreased rainfall and increased temperature has resulted in increased severity of livelihood problems in the country. Climate change exemplifies systems that are already under tremendous pressure due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and economic development. Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges facing humanity with implications for food production, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, health, etc.
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The increase in global average temperature is called “global warming.” Global warming is due to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Air pollution traps more heat in the atmosphere, making the Earth warmer. This effect is called “global warming.”
Deforestation is one of the main causes of global warming. The slashing and burning of around 34 million acres of trees each year results in urbanization and land for lumber mills leads to deforestation. In addition to deforestation, the GHGs mentioned below contribute to global warming.
A greenhouse is a special house in which delicate plants are grown with controlled temperature inside than outside but with less radiation. This is called the greenhouse effect and is due to the glass walls, the high carbon dioxide (CO2) content and the high level of water vapor in the greenhouse. The greenhouse allows short-wave radiation inside but prevents long-wave radiation, that is, infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface. This is the reason why the greenhouse is warmer inside than outside.
In the same way, the greenhouse effect occurs in our environment. Some atmospheric gases allow shortwave radiation to pass through them, but absorb longwave radiation from the Earth and reflect heat back to the Earth. These gases
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